Motivation and Leadership free essay sample

This work is submitted as part of the requirements for the MSc in information system and management. The work contained in this assignment is my own, individual and original work and has not been used in whole or in part for any other assessment on this or any other degree. I have read and understand the university rules on plagiarism. This essay discusses the quote by Dwight D. Eisenhower on leadership. In this quote, he defines leadership as the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. Firstly, the meaning of this quote is explained by highlighting two distinct aspects of this statement, which is that leadership is the art of getting people to ‘want to do’ and getting them to ‘actually do’ what the leader wants done. It is inferred from this statement that Eisenhower’s notion is that these two processes, although distinct, are not mutually exclusive. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide a further explanation, the essay goes on to conceptualize these processes with their associated distinct leadership-styles and discusses the view point that these two concepts have to work both in combination and complementarily in order for his perspective on leadership to be fully agreed upon. â€Å"Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it† (Dwight D. Eisenhower). What does this quote mean? To what extent do you agree or disagree with the quote and why? Over the years, many researchers, writers and leadership theorists have postulated various theories, ideas and perspectives on leadership, most of which are centred on the exertion of influence by a person on others to make them do something or achieve a goal. There is no one universally accepted definition of leadership. However, to name a few, Maxwell (1998) describes leadership as being nothing more (or less) than influence. Yukl (1994) also defined leadership as â€Å"the ability of one person to influence a group of persons toward the achievement of common goals† (p. 14). In the quote by Dwight D. Elsenhower above, leadership is viewed as the process of getting people to want to do as opposed to getting them just to do, which is a clear difference between the process of managing and that of leading (Kouzes amp; Posner, 1987). This statement holds true when the leader is able to properly communicate his vision in such a way that the followers are able to believe and buy into this vision by showing them how they can be served by a common goal. This ability of the leader to inspire his followers and get them to identify with his vision enacts their willingness to do something because they actually want to do it. Leaders do this by first of all being credible. They establish this credibility by their actions by challenging, inspiring, enabling, modelling and encouraging (Kouzes amp; Posner, 1987). When a leader is credible, he is better able to solicit the support and commitment of his followers. They are more willing to provide time, intelligence and energy to support the cause championed by the leader (Kouzes et al, 2010), because they trust and identify with his visions and goals and are confident in his ability to deliver. In essence, for a leader to get people to do things because they actually want to, he must be believable. His level of honesty, drive and passion therefore go a long way in building up this believable character. This quote also highlights the fact that leadership involves ‘delegating’ a task that the leader himself ‘wants done’. Hence, the leader has to take full responsibility for the task carried out by the subordinate and give him credit where appropriate. This is further supported by another quote by D. Eisenhower cited in Puryear Jr. 1991) who says: â€Å"†¦Leadership consists of nothing but taking responsibility for everything that goes wrong and giving your subordinates credit for everything that goes well. † (p. 289). Therefore, the Leader is fully responsible for anything that the subordinate does wrong and the subordinate should be made to understand this. Bearing this in mind, leaders adopt a leadership style to achieve their objectives and get their subordinates to do what they want. Different leadership styles have been discussed in earlier works of literature. Three major leadership-styles identified by psychologists Lewin et al (1939), are the democratic, autocratic and the laissez-faire styles. Active member involvement and group-decision making is encouraged by the democratic style while leaders are more domineering in the autocratic style and ‘hands off’ in the laissez-faire styles respectively. Also, in the framework proposed by Getzels and Guba (1957), the bureaucratic and delegative leadership-styles can be identified. The former being the style in which policies and procedures are prescribed while the latter is exactly the same as in the laissez-faire (passive) leadership style. Goleman (2000) also proposes six leadership-styles, which are, authoritative, democratic, affiliative, coercive, coaching and pacesetting. He explains that every leadership style is made up of some degree of emotional intelligence, which is exhibited through self-management, self-awareness, social awareness and social skill. Moreover, Authors such as Yukl, (1999), Rowold amp; Heinitz, (2007) and Judge amp; Piccolo (2004) have distinguished between two leadership styles; transactional and transformational leadership. These distinct leadership styles were initially introduced by Burns (1978), which was then later modified by Bass in 1985. To buttress the highlighted points and meanings of the quote discussed so far, this essay would be mainly focusing on the transformational and transactional approaches to leadership. Furthermore, how these styles can influence follower motivation would be discussed, as well as the extent to which this quote can be agreed upon. As explained earlier, this quote views leadership as a process of getting people to do what you want because they ‘want to’ and also as a process of getting people to ‘actually do it’. It may be inferred from Eisenhower’s statement that his view is that these two processes although separate, are not mutually exclusive. Hence, the transformational and transactional leadership styles can be characterized by each of these processes respectively, both of which can be combined and used to complement each other. This combination and complementation of these two leadership styles and processes can therefore be aligned with Eisenhower’s notion of leadership. Transformational leadership is one in which the leader elevates the interests of his followers by increasing awareness and acceptance of the group’s purpose and mission and by also allowing the followers to look beyond self-interest but to the collective interest of the group (Bass, 1985). The leader transforms the values and priorities of subordinates, and motivates them to exceed their performance expectations (Yukl, 1994). It is seen as a more participative leadership style in which the subordinates are inspired and influenced positively by their leader and accept, internalize and identify with the leader’s visions (Jung amp; Avolio, 2000). The willingness of subordinates to do what the leader wants done is influenced by their trust and confidence in the leader, coupled with his ability to inspire and motivate the employees to achieve great results by putting in the extra effort (Bass, 1985). Also, the ability of the leader to understand the differences and individuality of the followers, as well as provide support to foster growth and development also helps to increase their commitment and willingness to do what is required (Bass, 1985). The leader here is charismatic and energetic and is able to instill this enthusiasm into his followers, which gets them to actually want to do the job as oppose to just doing as they are told. However, in the transactional style of leadership, the followers simply do as they are told. The leadership is more like a process of exchange or contractual agreement between the leaders and followers (kappen, 2010). The leader meets the immediate needs of his followers as a reward, in exchange for the desired level of performance and negative consequences (punishment) is used to curtail undesired behavior (Jung amp; Avolio, 2000). Unlike in transformational leadership, the leader seems not be really concerned with changing the followers attitudes, beliefs and values neither do the followers feel the need to develop a greater sense of commitment and trust in the leader. The focus is mainly on just getting the job done which is the second aspect of leadership outlined earlier from Eisenhower’s quote. Leadership styles can impact or influence follower motivation to a significant extent. Transactional leadership is of the notion that people are motivated by reward and punishment and when the conditions of the exchange process are agreed upon, the followers primarily do what is required of them by the leadership. However, in transformational leadership, the followers are not only motivated by rewards but also by the processes resulting in these rewards (kappen, 2010). Transformational leadership embodies charismatic leadership where followers can be motivated by inspiration and by increasing their level of emotional involvement. To further expatiate on the influence of leadership styles on motivation, the relationship between transactional and transformational and motivation shall be discussed respectively. As discussed earlier, transactional leadership is an exchange process or contractual agreement between leaders and subordinates, in which the subordinates are externally driven to yield results through rewards and punishment. This external drive can be referred to as extrinsic motivation. Transactional leadership based on contingent reward is positively related to the follower’s motivation (Judge amp; Piccolo 2004). By providing contingent reward systems, leaders can motivate their followers to put in their best efforts to yield the desired results. The task assigned to the follower may generally be of no interest but the provision of an external reward could motivate the person to complete the task (kappen, 2010). These external rewards may be monetary or be in the form of good scores etc. This shows that a leader can still get people to do what he wants done even without them actually wanting to do it, as opposed to what Eisenhower’s suggests. Here leadership is not necessarily the art of getting people to do something you want done because they want to, it is the art of getting people to simply do by providing the appropriate reward agreed upon. Hence the reward or avoidance of punishment is the motivator rather than the leader or the task itself. In the case of transformational leadership, the focus is more internal and on the process as a whole and not just the outcome (Kappen, 2010). Internal or intrinsic motivation can be derived from task features such as autonomy, task significance, feedback, task identity, and so on (Houkes et al, 2001). The transformational leader tries to meet the immediate and future intrinsic needs of his subordinates, which are closely related to Maslow’s higher order needs (Maslow 1943). Hence intrinsic motivation plays a key role in this process and this notion is supported by (Barbuto, 2005) who explains that internal or intrinsic motivation encompasses a persons emotions, fun, trust and feeling of self-worth and these are all driven by internal influences which can be ppropriated by transformational behavior. The leader tries to transform the followers’ goals, beliefs and values to align with his and that of the organization and motivates them by positively building up their sense of self-worth and self-efficacy (Shamir et al, 1993). The ability of the leader to achieve this through his charismatic persona and individualized consideration, helps to increase their willingness to do what the leader wants done and to achieve the desired performance levels or outcome. So, drawing from all the points mentioned above, to what extent can Eisenhower’s quote be agreed upon? By identifying two distinct aspects in his statement, this essay has highlighted Eisenhower’s notion of leadership as being the art of getting people to ‘want to do’ and to ‘actually do’ what the leader wants done. This statement holds true so far as these processes are seen as distinct yet not mutually exclusive. Hence, the two processes have been characterized by the transformational and transactional leadership-styles respectively. The transformational leadership-style is associated with the process of getting people to want to do due to the leader’s ability to inspire trust and confidence in his vision as well as his ability to internally motivate people to put in their best efforts to yield the desired outputs. On the other hand, the transactional leadership-style is associated with getting the work done regardless of whether or not the subordinates actually want to do it provided there is an extrinsic reward agreed upon or the avoidance of punishment. Therefore, as long as these two concepts and their associated leadership-styles can be combined and used to complement each other rather than viewed as just separate, this quote can be agreed upon. This means that leadership should not merely be the art of getting people just to do what you want done but also it should involve the processes involved in inspiring and motivating them to actually want to do it and vice versa. When a leader is able to motivate his followers internally and externally with the appropriate rewards and charismatic approach to transforming their behavior, the leadership would tend to be more successful and well aligned to its aims and this balance therefore agrees with Eisenhower’s perspective of leadership.

Mgt 531 Essay Example

Mgt 531 Essay Example Mgt 531 Essay Mgt 531 Essay 1Which of the following is true of The Federal Arbitration Act o [pic]It applies only to breach of contract disputes. o [pic]It governs all types of alternative dispute resolution. o [pic]It permits an appeal for all arbitration awards. o [pic]It provides that arbitration agreements are valid, irrevocable, and enforceable.Correct 2Fred and Ginger are general partners in a business. They decide to purchase a building for the partnership. Ginger will put up the money for the building, and Fred will complete the remodeling. While inspecting the building, Fred is informed that the building is packed full of asbestos. He fails to tell Ginger of the presence of the substance. They buy the building and go into business. During the remodeling of the building, people from the neighborhood begin complaining about the dust from the building. Some of them even threaten to sue. Who is liable o [pic]Both Ginger and Fred are liable, regardless of the circumstances, by virtue of the fact that they are partners. o [pic]Neither Ginger nor Fred are liable personally, nor is the partnership, as they did not put the substance in the building. o [pic]Ginger is liable because she is the one who purchased the building. Fred is not liable, even though he had actual knowledge, because he did not purchase the building. o [pic]Fred is liable because he was put on notice of the presence of the substance. Ginger is not liable because she did not have actual knowledge. 3Which type of business formation is typically reserved for professionals such as accountants, lawyers, and doctors o [pic]Franchise o [pic]Limited Liability Company (LLC) o [pic]Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) o [pic]S-CorporationCorrect 4Which of the following is true of arbitration o [pic]A judicial referee makes

Biography of Georges Braque, Pioneer Cubist Painter

Biography of Georges Braque, Pioneer Cubist Painter Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 - August 31, 1963) was a French artist best known for his cubist paintings and the development of collage techniques. He worked closely with Pablo Picasso as they broke down traditional rules of the use of perspective in painting. Fast Facts: Georges Braque Occupation: Painter and collage artistBorn: May 13, 1882 in Argenteuil, FranceDied: August 31, 1963 in Paris, FranceSelected Works: Houses at lEstaque (1908), Bottle and Fishes (1912), Violin and Pipe (1913)Notable Quote: Truth exists; only lies are invented. Early Life and Training Growing up in the port city of Le Havre, France, young Georges Braque trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and grandfather. In addition to working on his vocation, Braque studied in the evenings at Le Havres Ecole des Beaux-Arts as a teenager. After apprenticing with a decorator, he earned a certificate to practice the craft in 1902. In 1903, Braque enrolled in the Academie Humbert in Paris. He painted there for two years and met avant-garde painters Marie Laurencin and Francis Picabia. The earliest Braque paintings are in the classic impressionist style. That changed in 1905 when he began to associate with Henri Matisse. Public domain Fauvist Matisse was at the forefront of the group of painters known as the Fauves (beasts in English). They are noted for the use of vibrant colors and simpler lines designed to make a bold, emotional statement to the viewer. Georges Braques first exhibit of his Fauvist paintings took place at the Salon des Independants show Paris in 1907. Braques Fauvist works are slightly more subdued in color than those of some of the other leaders of the style. He worked closely with Raoul Dufy and fellow Le Havre artist Othon Friesz. After viewing a massive retrospective show of the work of Paul Cezanne in Paris in late 1907, Braques work began to shift again. He also visited Pablo Picassos studio for the first time in 1907 to view the legendary painting Les Demoiselles dAvignon. The association with Picasso had a powerful impact on Braques evolving technique. The Olive Tree Near lEstaque (1906). Public domain Work With Pablo Picasso Georges Braque began to work closely with Picasso as they both developed a new style that was soon dubbed cubism. Many researchers dispute the specific origins of the term, but while organizing a salon show in 1908, Matisse reportedly said Braque has just sent in a painting made of little cubes. Picasso and Braque were not the only artists developing the new approach to painting, but they were the most prominent. Both artists exhibited influences of Paul Cezannes experiments with painting objects from multiple perspectives. While some believed that Picasso led the way and Braque merely followed in his wake, a close examination by art historians has revealed that Picasso focused on the animation of objects while Braque explored a more contemplative approach. In 1911, Braque and Picasso spent the summer together in the French Pyrenees mountains painting side by side. They produced works that are virtually impossible to distinguish from each other in terms of style. In 1912, they expanded their approach to include collage techniques. Braque invented what came to be known as papier colle, or paper cutouts, a method of incorporating paper with paint to create the collage. Braques piece Violin and Pipe (1913) illustrates how the pieces of paper allowed him to literally take the shapes present in the objects apart and rearrange them to create art. Man with a Guitar (1911). Corbis Historical / Getty Images The extended collaboration came to an end in 1914 when Georges Braque enlisted in the French Army to fight in World War I. He suffered a severe head injury in May 1915 in the battle at Carency. Braque experienced temporary blindness and required a long period of recuperating. He did not begin painting again until late 1916. Cubist Style The style of cubism is an expansion of the experiments by painter Paul Cezanne in depicting three-dimensional form on a two-dimensional canvas. Cezanne died in 1906, and, following significant retrospectives of his work in 1907, Pablo Picasso painted Les Demoiselles dAvignon, a piece that many believe is an example of proto-Cubism. At the same time as Picasso exhibited his new style through abstracted images of people, Braque was at work on extending Cezannes vision of landscapes with reductive, geometric forms. Soon, the pair became leaders of a new style of painting that attempted to represent multiple viewpoints on an object or person simultaneously. Some observers likened the works to a diagram of how the objects worked and moved in real life. Gjon Mili / Getty Images In the period between 1909 and 1912, Braque and Picasso focused on a style now known as analytic cubism. They painted mostly in neutral colors like brown and beige while taking apart objects and analyzing their shapes on the canvas. It is difficult to tell the work of the two artists apart in this period. One of Braques key works during this time is Bottle and Fishes (1912). He broke the object into so many discreet shapes that the whole became nearly unrecognizable. Cubists challenged the conventional view of perspective in painting that ruled the establishment since the Renaissance. It was perhaps the most important legacy of Braques art. Breaking down the rigid notion of perspective paved the way for multiple developments in the painting of the 20th century that ultimately led to pure abstraction. Later Work After he began painting again in 1916, Georges Braque worked alone. He began to develop a more idiosyncratic style that included brighter colors while relaxing the harsh nature of his earlier cubist work. He became close friends with Spanish artist Juan Gris. New subject matter entered Braques work in the 1930s. He began to focus on Greek heroes and gods. He explained that he wanted to show them in a pure form stripped of symbolic gestures. The bright colors and emotional intensity of these paintings depict the emotional anxiety felt by Europeans as a second world war approached. Painter and Model (1939). Corbis Historical / Getty Images After World War II, Braque painted ordinary objects like flowers and garden chairs. He created his final series of eight works between 1948 and 1955. They were all titled Atelier, the French word for the studio. At the time Georges Braque died in 1963, many considered him one of the fathers of modern art. Legacy While his painting ranged across multiple styles during his lifetime, Georges Braque is primarily remembered for his cubist work. His focus on still life and landscapes influenced later artists who returned to the traditional subject matter. Braques most distinctive legacy is his development of collage techniques involving cut paper that he focused on for only a few short years of his career. Source Danchev, Alex. Georges Braque: A Life. Arcade, 2012.

COMPETITORS ANALYSIS AIRLINES INDUSTRY Research Paper

COMPETITORS ANALYSIS AIRLINES INDUSTRY - Research Paper Example It will start a new delta.com platform in 2012, which it expects to produce additional purchases of tickets (Delta, 2011, p.7). It will also change its â€Å"distribution from a commodity approach to a differentiated and merchandised approach† (Delta, 2011, p.7). It believes that new merchandising initiatives that it is implementing, chiefly through delta.com, will produce additional revenue opportunities and enhance the purchasing experience of customers (Delta, 2011, p.7). Its main goal is to provide customers with opportunities to buy what they value, like â€Å"first class upgrades, economy comfort seating, WiFi access and SkyClub passes† (Delta, 2011, p.7). Delta also aims to reach amplified traffic on delta.com through a mixture of advertising revenue and transactions of third party products and services such as car rentals, hotels, and trip insurance (Delta, 2011, p.7). Its net income for 2011 was $854 million, which is $261 million higher than 2010 (Delta, 2011, p.27). US Airways Group is a holding company whose main business activity is operating a major network air carrier through its 100%- owned subsidiaries â€Å"US Airways, Piedmont Airlines, Inc. ("Piedmont"), PSA Airlines, Inc. ("PSA"), Material Services Company, Inc. ("MSC") and Airways Assurance Limited ("AAL")† (US Airways, 2011, p.5). It operates the fifth largest airline in the United States, which is measured by domestic revenue passenger miles ("RPMs") and available seat miles ("ASMs") (US Airways, 2011, p.6). It had around 53 million passengers for its mainline flights in 2011 (US Airways, 2011, p.6). For the same year, its mainline operation provided frequently scheduled service or seasonal service at 133 airports while the US Airways Express network served 156 airports in the United States, Canada and Mexico, including 78 airports also served by our mainline operation (US Airways, 2011, p.6). In 2011, it earned net income of $71 million, which

Critical Review of Juan Linz's 'The Perils of Presidentialism' Literature

Critical of Juan Linz's 'The Perils of Presidentialism' - Literature review Example residential system is very enduring and undoubtedly stable, but it is not a typical example, while the long-standing system of Chile and the recently introduced one in Sri Lanka are more typical. In the case of Chile, democracy broke down in the 1970s and this is cited as evidence of his thesis. This is a dubious argument, since his choice of example appears to dictate the validity of his theory and so Linz goes on to examine some further examples in search of more evidence. Linz notes that in modern times many countries in Latin America have been impressed with the experience of Spain which changed from authoritarianism to a parliamentary system, with very positive outcomes. He argues that there are tensions between the policies of a president and those of the legislature which can cause problems. Furthermore, the fixed term nature of a president’s office causes artificial breaks in the continuity of government, leading to rigidly demarcated periods which prevent continuous readjustments. There is also a risk that presidents personalize the power that they have and a danger that if they drop out of the role in the middle of the term, an unsuitable and unelected running mate whom no one seriously would have considered for the top job can be thrust into power. This aspect of personalizing causes presidential systems to build in safeguards like impeachment procedures, judicial independence and even in some case the intervention of military forces a s a last resort. These measures demonstrate a desire for stability and a distrust of the presidential system. These paradoxes and tensions weaken the presidential system, in the opinion of Linz. The parliamentary system on the other hand, he argues, has more built-in flexibility because a Prime Minister can be removed without there being necessarily a change in government or a crisis. Parliament can be dissolved and a new election held, or votes of confidence can be used to establish how much legitimacy a Prime

Teenage Internet Dependency Essay Example for Free

Teenage Internet Dependency Essay Teenagers are too Dependent on the Internet As the internet has become very popular among teenagers over the past few years, there have been many social impacts affecting the stakeholders of the issue. Teenagers use the internet for various reasons: to do research for homework or a project, to socialize with friends, and to keep up with the latest movies, music, and video games. The internet allows teens to be receptive to many resources that would not be available to them without the internet. Although some aspects of teens using the internet may be favorable and beneficial, many are causing laziness and under-developed social skills. The other stakeholders of the issue are the parents and teachers of these students. Parents are concerned that their children may be being stalked or predated and feel as if their children are becoming more distant from their family because of the significant amount they are spending on the internet. Teachers also must deal with their students having the resources to cheat by using the internet to give them the answers. The growing teenage dependency on the internet has both a negative and positive impact on the world. Some people may say that teens are not too dependent on the internet. Teenagers use to internet to complete homework, projects, and study for tests because of all the resources available. The internet provides a large collection of online books, newspapers, and magazines, allowing the teenage students to gain more knowledge about their school work and save them time. For example, when a student has an exceptional amount of homework and does not have enough time to complete his reading for that night, the website SparkNotes provides summaries, characterizations, and other important literary devices that allow the student to understand the novel when short of time. Another way that teens are not too dependent on the internet is seen through the social interactions they are able to make via social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook. These sites allow teenagers to keep in touch with their fellow classmates and friends in a quick and easy way. They also allow students to share their personal lives with people they otherwise would not interact with, allowing them to make more friends and develop better relationships. For example, a teenager can create a whole new personality through the internet, giving him more confidence and a higher self esteem due to the positive reactions they are receiving through other internet users. The reasons for teens not being too dependent on the internet, allowing them more resources for school and more opportunities to interact socially with friends and peers, are not strong enough to override the reasons as to why teenagers are too dependent on the internet. This is because students have several other facilities that provide them with sufficient information, such as the library, museums, and bookstores. Teens also may be able to more easily communicate with friends through the use of social networking sites and resulting in higher confidence, although, this affects the way teens interact with other people because they can be totally different people via the internet. Teenagers are too dependent on the internet. It allows them to become easily distracted from their work, and lessens their face-to-face social skills. As a student may have the original intention of finishing his homework on the computer, the temptations to log on to MySpace or Facebook are too high, therefore the student visits those sites instead, causing them to deviate from their work. This causes more teens to get behind in school because of their lack of effort due to the internet’s capabilities. For example, a student may tell his parents he is using the computer to work on homework, but rather he is using it to communicate with his friends through a social networking site or online video game; this slows down the student’s work ethic because of the distractions it provides. Another reason that students are too dependent on the internet relates to physical appearance and self-esteem. There are many different sites on the internet that provide teens with information regarding dangerous groups and activities. For example, if a girl has anorexia, she is able to access online forums for anorexics that encourages dangerous behavior that harms the human body. For these two main reasons, teenagers are too dependent on the internet. The stakeholders of the issue, regarding whether or not teenagers are too dependent on the internet, allow one to examine the advantages and disadvantages of increasing internet use. The stakeholders’ reactions are more against teens using the internet so excessively than they are in favor of teens using the internet. Since more teens are becoming more dependent on the internet, they are putting themselves in harm’s way of predators and health/mental issues, they are distancing themselves from their families, and they are becoming more accustomed to communicating with their friends through social networking sites rather than face-to-face contact. The reasons supporting the idea that teens are not too dependent on the internet offer other options to teens using the internet, weakening the argument. Therefore, teenagers are too dependent on the internet.

I like It like That :: essays research papers

I Like it Like That is a commentary on the struggles of a Latino family trying to survive in a Bronx community in New York City. It tells the story of Lisette Linares, a young black Latina who lives with her bicycle-messenger husband Chino and their three children Li'l C, Minnie, and Pee Wee in a perpetually cramped walkup on Findlay and 167th in the Bronx. The story begins with a bleak existence for our main character Lisette. Although the streets of the inner city constantly boil with activity and her husband leaves her wanting for nothing in the bedroom she is stifled and bored. Chino is the sole provider for the family and insists that his wife stay in her proper place at home with the children. The children are terrors and the oldest is experimenting with drug trafficking. Lisette feels helpless to change or rectify the situation. The struggles of this family are a direct response to the gender roles seen in Lisette and Chino. There are two questions in this film concerning gender roles, what is a man and what is a woman. In the Latino community the definitions of man and woman are clearly defined. The man is the provider and leader of his family. The man works and makes sure that the family has enough of the material things they need. The man clearly defines the rules of the household including the way the woman and children should behave. The woman is responsible for the home and the children’s emotional needs. The woman organizes the household responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning, budgeting where the money is absolutely necessary and making sure the house runs in the regulations laid out by the man. This may include things like dinner on the table when he gets home from work or pleasing the man’s sexual desire on his time schedule. The woman is also responsible for the emotional well being of the children. It is the woman’s duty to make sure that her children are happy, health y and not leading morally reprehensible lifestyles. The first question, what is a man, can be clearly seen in the character of Chino. Chino begins the film as a true â€Å"machismo.† He is arrogant, demanding and obsessive. He expects his wife to fulfill his very need. Chino treats Lisette like she is a possession demanding she be subservient to him.

Disney Park

Disney Theme Parks Case 1. What do you think motivated Disney to set up parks abroad, and what might be the pros and cons from the standpoint of the Walt Disney Company? The reason behind Disney's motivation to set up theme parks abroad were mostly because of business opportunities. Based on how successful the Disney Theme Park is in the United States and the attraction they are gaining from foreigners, the management probably realized that it is time to consider entering the global market. By doing this, it would mean an increase of sales for the company.This is somehow a form of advertisement for people to buy their products and even to attract more and more consumers. Opening another theme park in a different country would also contribute to the survival of the company should their theme park in the United States lower in sales. On the other hand, for the cons, one is concerning the cultural factors that may hinder the company from doing business in other countries. A good example would be the concerns in Paris. They feared that putting up a Disney Theme Park in their country might destroy their own culture. Another con would probably be the area where the park would be best put up.In other words, which area the theme park should be placed that would be profitable. Transportation is another factor as well as competition from other theme parks abroad. 2. Why do you suppose Disney made no financial investment in Japan, one of $140 million in France, and then one of over $300 million in Hong Kong? Disney made no financial investment in Japan because they were considering the risks of building one. They probably think that it might not be as profitable or that putting up a Disney Theme Park in Japan would outweigh the cons than the benefits.Paris, like what was mentioned in the case, is the most visited European City and the French are the largest European consumers of Disney Products. This is the reason why Disney invested in Paris. Also they were getting a lot of support from the country's government. And with their help, they would be able to get investors. According to the case, the reason why Disney invested only $140 million to take 49% of the ownership in a $5 billion worth of operation was due to the problems they have encountered before, which is the fear of France's culture to be destroyed.So what Disney did was to add attractions that would cater to French tastes and agreeing to make French the first language in the park. Aside from France, Disney also invested in Hong Kong. The case states that Disney is interested in Asia since it accounts for about half the world's population and is becoming affluent enough that more people can afford to take trips and pay for leisure activities. They chose Hong Kong not only for their infrastructure, but also because it is Asia's largest tourist destination.In addition, the families that live in Hong Kong are those with higher family incomes than mainland Chinese cities. Soon after, the two agreed to a joint venture that included 57% ownership by the Hong Kong government and the remaining by Disney. 3. What factors in the external environment have contributed to Disney's success, failure, and adjustments in foreign them park operations? There are many factors in the external environment that contributed both to Disney's success and failure.For the factors that contributed to the success, one would probably be Disney's already popular reputation, which helped them in entering the global market easily. Another is their strategy of focusing on countries that would ensure and give them better business opportunities. Another factor to be considered is the government support they are getting. As for the factors that contributed to their failure, one that is mentioned in the case is that they encounter problems concerning the culture of other countries.Another example would be the almost downfall of Euro Disney when their shares went down to 39% and the general public to 36%. This is probably due to the high prices and their no-alcohol policy. Another factor that contributed to their failure is the climate. Some countries were just too cold to attract visitors. 4. Should Disney set up a park in Shanghai? If so, what types of operating adjustments might it make there? It is not advisable for Disney to put up a theme park in Shanghai. One of the major reasons is competition.The case states that China has built more than 2000 amusement parks, ranging from lavish to shoddy. Although most of them have not done well, putting up a Disney Theme Park would not necessarily mean that it would eliminate its competitors. In addition, China's one child per family policy may hinder the success of Disney. The visitors of Disney Theme Parks are mostly children, and if the number is lacking, it would also probably mean lack of visitors. Another reason is that if Disney puts up a theme park in Shanghai, there would be few customers since there is also a Disney theme park in Hong Kong.

Wimm Bill Dann Swot

Wimm Bill Dann – SWOT Analysis Missing information from Resources & Capabilities research! STRENGTHS †¢Occupy leading position in the market ? 1? , ? 3? , ? 14? †¢Established Brand in Russia ? 1? , ? 3? †¢High quality products ? 1? , ? 13? †¢Diverse product basket ? 13? †¢Understanding of Russian Market ? 1? †¢Survivors, prospered during the financial crisis due to being the local producer, when imports struggled due to the weakness of the Rouble ? 9? †¢Entrepreneurial management: rented a production line in an existing factory to get started. ?9? Ambitious, experienced new people from outside the company hired for leading positions ? 13? WEAKNESSES †¢Lack of recognition abroad ? 9? †¢Lack of networks and contacts in foreign markets ? 11? †¢Lack of internal innovation ? reliance on M&A for new products ? 1? , ? 9? , ? 14? †¢Reliance on (primitive) dairy farmers ? 9? †¢Russian climate limits fruit supply to certain sea sons †¢Internally fragmented ? 9? †¢Weak financial reporting ? 1? †¢Finding & hiring qualified personnel in growing market ? 1? OPPORTUNITIES †¢Diversification into higher value segments, e. g. premium-range yoghurt, ogurt drinks, dairy deserts, soft drinks (e. g. sparking, flavoured water) ? 3? , ? 7? †¢Diversification into growing market for Baby & children’s food ? 7? †¢Diversification into non-directly related fields, e. g. ice-cream, chocolate, tea ? 3? †¢Acquisition of other dairies to get geographical coverage ? 1? †¢M&A in water to gain consolidated market ? 9? †¢Improve the supply chain (logistics, JIT delivery, order intake, IT) ? 11? †¢Operational efficiency improvements (at dairies) ? 9? †¢Changing market, increasing distribution through supermarkets (strategic customers) ? 2? , ? 15? †¢Low wages ? 2? †¢Abundant natural resources. E. g. gas †¢Joint venture, e. g. with Danone or Pepsi Co. to gain capital and distribution ? 10? †¢Growing Russian Market for dairy, baby food, water, drinks, confectionery ? 1? , ? 3? †¢Growing upper/middle class, greater supply of money available ? 1? , ? 3? †¢Increasing health consciousness ? 1? , ? 3? †¢Increased demand for premium products ? 3? THREATS †¢Unreliable, insufficient local supplies of milk ? 1? †¢World-wide reduction in milk-supply ? 6? †¢Regulation of milk supply in Russia ? 1? †¢Margins for dairy under pressure due to increase in raw milk prices ? ? †¢Price-sensitive consumers may start to prefer low-cost/low margin juice & nectar ? 1? †¢Increasing local competition in all sectors (Lebedyansky) ? 3? , ? 16? †¢Competition from foreign Multinationals, e. g. Nestle, Danone producing locally (increased demand for milk, lower costs of locally produced products ? decreased profitability for WBD) ? 1? †¢Increased price of fuel could impact transportation costs & profitability ? 1? †¢Increased cost of petroleum-based products may impact cost of packaging ? 4? †¢Political uncertainty ? 1? , ? 3? †¢Changeable regulatory environment ? 1? ? 3? †¢Corruption and crime ? 1? †¢Underdeveloped Russian banking system ? 1? †¢Unstable currency & exchange rate ? 1? References ?1? WBD Memorandum, February 2007 ?2? Data from PESTEL ?3? EUI Industry Forecast, Food, beverages and tobacco, Russia, January 2007 ? 4? Danone Company Report, 2005 ?5? Expert Opinion, Ian Kellett ?6? http://www. nzherald. co. nz/category/story. cfm? c_id=96&objectid=10439897 ? 7? http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? id=60598, http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? id=69136, http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? id=66563 ? ? http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? n=63088-unimilk-childrens-food-dairy-products, http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? id=60598 ? 9? WBD Case Study, GSB University of Strathclyde, April 2007 ? 10? http://www. cee-foodindustry. com/news/ng. asp? id=71380 ? 11? Original thoughts, assumptions based on data†¦ ?12? http://www. iht. com/articles/2007/04/04/business/east. php ? 13? WBD Company Presentation, 2006 ?14? http://www. flexnews. com/console/PageViewer. aspx? page=8603&str= ? 15? Supermarkets. doc research ?16? Competitive Situation_V2. doc research

Single or Married Essays

Single or Married Essays Single or Married Essay Single or Married Essay Today, a lot of significant number of people are being married and still being single. This has changed their lives and gives the differences between their lives. In this essay, I’m going to compare and contrast the differences between single people lives and married people lives in their lifestyle, companionship, and responsibility. Firstly, Lifestyle is the first difference between single and married people lives. Single people will have much more privacy in their life. They will not be bothered by anybody in their homes. Nobody will command them not to sleep late, not to watch movie too much and so on; and single people can live a free life too. They can spend their time with their friends anywhere and anytime they want. In contrast, married people will be bothered by their live partners. They have to take care of their children and their partners. They can’t live a free life. If they want to go out with their friends, they must get permission from their partners. doing what is necessary to listen, honor and really love them. Ask the same from them but do not make this a competition. Let your own commitment and improvement of your listening and relationship behavior give them reason to listen to you. Or to know they really dont care about you. At least youll know and be able to stop expecting what youll never get from them. As very sad as that will feel, and I have personal experience with this sad truth, it gives you freedom to see how you wish to go forward with your life with that answer. You may want to stay in a marriage with someone who doesnt care about how they treat you. The significant preference between being single or married is choice and circumstance. Some things in life are going to be good, regardless whether you’re single or married, some things will be the opposite. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. The two areas that differ in married and single life is compromise and sharing of possessions. The environment of a single person is the control factor is all theirs. A single person has no one to consult with their decisions. Therefore the consideration of input from others is not necessary. In addition there is no need to consult with anyone regarding budgets, recreation, holidays, traveling or something as simple as dinner. Furthermore a single person’s existence is purely their own, even down to the application of rules. A single person’s level of engagement with others is at their life.

Writing for the Health Markets

Writing for the Health Markets In case you had not noticed, America is getting older. And while that might cause alarm for some people, for freelance writers, it is time to dance a jig. Why? Because with the so-called graying of America, the opportunity to write for health markets has exploded and reached an all-time high. And it will continue to grow and grow and grow. Here are five  tips to keep in mind when writing for the health markets: Find the latest health and fitness news. Think like an editor, who is always trying to think like a reader. What is happening in the world of health and fitness, and why is it newsworthy? Find a timely topic in the health world, and you are one step closer to landing an assignment. There are thousands of websites that are devoted to health and fitness information. A good place to start is the Federal Governments own site, the National Institutes of Health. Visit them at nih.gov and youll find every health topic and late breaking bulletin there is. Target your audience. Know the audience of the magazine, newsletter or website, and your job as a health writer will be a lot easier. For example, does this publication like to include a lot of statistics and facts, or is it looking for more of the human side of the story? Read back issues, study the writers guidelines, and youll do fine. Know where to find statistics and facts. As a freelance health writer, you need to know how to research the basic health facts and statistics. Compile a list of reference books, directories (including online sources) and other health materials. A good place to start is a local university or college library. Or better yet, check with your local hospital; many times, they will have a health library that is open to the public. You wont find a better source of reference materials anywhere. Know where to get good quotes from doctors. If you have not yet visited www.profnet.com, then take a few moments and do so. It has the worlds largest group of experts in every field, and they are just waiting to answer your questions. Need a quote from a dentist? Go to ProfNet; need a quote from a heart surgeon? Go to Profnet. Dont write like a doctor. Unless you are a doctor, that is. But even if you are a doctor, remember that you are writing for a general consumer market (unless you are writing for a medical journal!). Dont use 18 letter words when shorter ones will work just as well. Read other general consumer health materials as a guide. Here are a few health markets that are actively seeking new articles: Health Central Find them online at https://www.healthcentral.com/ I recently sold two articles to them at $150 for 500 words. Everyday Health Find them online at https://www.everydayhealth.com/ Last year I wrote four articles for them at $350 for 600 words. When searching for new markets to sell health articles, dont forget to check out health and medical associations.   You can find lots of links right here: meditec.com/resourcestools/professional-associations-list/ Many associations use freelance writers on a regular basis.   A few years ago the American Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) hired me to update a Medicare manual.   Although the work was a little boring, it did pay nearly $6,000.

Football or Tennis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Football or Tennis - Essay Example Tennis, on the other hand, has its own magical aura and unique charm, but in my opinion, when compared to football, it almost fails to bag the first position when it comes to the popularity of sports. This might be due to the fact that because of involvement of many players, naturally huge interest develops compared to the simplicity related to only two players involved in tennis. The comparison between the two games can be discussed in terms of the state of mind. Decisions have to be made in tennis that does not spare much time for the players. No one can disagree that all those trickiest decisions have to be made in a fraction of second and all this strategy involved in this highly fiddly game require the extraordinary presence of mind. An acute decision at the correct moments is what professional tennis is all about. The point is, all the crucial decisions have to be made single-handedly, that is in huge contrast to football, where teamwork is included and prostrating pressure doe s not have to be faced by only one person. Furthermore, tennis is primarily a one-man show whereas football requires teamwork. Also, the former is played with hands while the latter is played with feet. Summing up, hopefully, this much becomes clear from the above discussion that both games have their huge share in the entertainment world, but it would be unfair to underestimate any one of them. Deficiencies are always there but what matters is how long any game stays in vogue and both games have more or less managed to achieve this position.