Vampire Literature Flashcard

Vampire Literature

The Bear by William Faulkner free essay sample

Faulkner’s novella â€Å"The Bear† from his assortment of works, Go Down Moses, is a representative investigation of the connection among man and nature according to a little fellow. The core of the issue, the twisted thought of the responsibility for, is uncovered idea the conflict of man and nature in a wild pursue that closes just in blood and demise. The prey is nature itself, spoke to by a bear, while the trackers are men, loaded with ravenousness and dangerous possessiveness, seeking after that which they don't comprehend. Ike’s thought of the bear, introduced in area 1 of the novella, communicates the possibility of imagery comparable to the hold up under and to the trackers and what the fight between the two speaks to. The bear itself, Old Ben, is an image for nature in what he profoundly encapsulates. He is portrayed by Ike as being â€Å"too big,† a beast that â€Å"loomed and towered† (193) over the little fellow, the bear was something to fear. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Bear by William Faulkner or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Men â€Å"tried to ride it down† (193) and shoot shots into it’s cover up, however the bear lived on, never hurt or staged by the â€Å"little tiny people. (194) It kept on plundering the homesteads close to the forested areas, taking yields and disfiguring creatures, acquiring for himself the name of Old Ben and a notoriety â€Å"like a living man. † (192) As soon as Old Ben took on a personality, he turned out to be something beyond a bear, but instead an image for nature overall. Ike alludes to Old Ben as large, which is corresponding to the name he has gave to the forested areas, the â€Å"big woods. † (192) The change from mammoth to otherworldly substance, while holding dread, speak to how man sees nature as frightening and savage, something he should win. The hunters’ inflexible want to decimate Old Ben shows their genuinely damaging nature, as the men will not recognize that they are the ones attacking nature and gradually crushing it for their own advantage. Old Ben is a casualty of ravenousness, yet he shows no dread, he won't cover up, and subsequently communicates nature’s enthusiasm for opportunity and its dauntless will that will not be vanquished, at any rate not without a battle. It is Ike’s appreciation of these qualities in the entry that lead him to the acknowledgment that responsibility for land is malevolent and wrong, the soul of nature can't be so effortlessly subdued. Upon his first experience with the forested areas, Ike is lost in wonder, it has been his fantasy for whatever length of time that he could make sure to join the men on the chase and investigate the excellence of the large woods. What separates Ike from different men, be that as it may, is his miracle of the wild, of its size, however of what puzzles it contains. At the point when he shows up he feels the need â€Å"to procure for himself from the wild the name and condition of tracker gave he in his term were modest and suffering enough. (192) Ike doesn’t want the endorsement of any of the other tracker, his cousin, or even his savvy coach Sam Fathers. Rather he realizes that the option to guarantee the name of tracker lies in winning the endorsement â€Å"from the wilderness† and to do so he should be â€Å"humble and persevering. † (192) Those words don't appear to fit with the brutal demonstrations of different trackers; to them the capacity to shoot and sla ughter is all that truly matters, thus the lack of regard for Boon and the situation of Walter Ewell as a senior tracker. By utilizing delicate words Faulkner expresses that there is a whole other world to â€Å"hunting† than murdering, what Ike wants and tries to substantiate himself deserving of is having a place with nature, to feel its magnificence and quality going through him. Without this feeling of endorsement and having a place from the forested areas, Ike feels he is disgraceful to end the life of a creature and to utilize what he has picked up from death to improve his own life. It is Ike’s one of a kind perspective on nature and the bear that bring about his apparently crazy choice about surrendering the manor. At the point when Old Ben passes on, he is executed by Boon, whose rash and brutal activities represent human ruinous tendency and want to have. Shelter needed to have and tame Lion, yet Lion was a monster and kicked the bucket in the battle with the Bear, whom Boon slaughtered. This demise is the thing that stunned Ike into acknowledging how wrong it is for a human to attempt to have a creature, a monster, or anything that had a place with the wild, including the land itself. Shelter was not deserving of ending the life of Old Ben, he had not earned the privilege from the old woods, and this misfortune is felt vigorously by Ike, he starts to convey the soul of Old Ben and the wild with him, utilizing its influence and solidarity to right the wrongs man has never really land. This is the thinking behind Ike’s refusal to assume control over the ranch, he realizes man can't â€Å"own† land, it is a wild and free thing that has its own soul, and it is the rough breaking of this soul by furrows and tomahawks that prompted the destruction of the South. Men there wouldn’t stop at simply land, their covetousness and want to have stretched out to people and the evil entity of bondage, which prompted gore, agony, and misfortune in the Civil War. Ike realized he needed to right these wrongs so as to procure his entitlement to live in nature, in this world, so he revoked the red-recolored land and returned levy to the wronged other portion of his family in endeavor to recuperate the land and the individuals he wronged. Despite the fact that Ike realizes he can never genuinely fix the harms done, the soul of Old Ben running inside him pushed him to do as well as could be expected. Man’s bent conviction that anything can be possessed, land or individual, is annihilating nature, gradually executing it until it can't battle any longer, similarly as the trackers scrutinized Old Ben. Ike knows this, he realizes man is executing his methods forever and even himself, and to pay his resects to nature he attempts the privilege the wrongs of his family, yet even as Ike goes to bat for nature, he realizes he is taking on a losing conflict. The common world will bite the dust at the merciless and eager hands of mankind.

Philosophy 101 Study Guide

* Socrates: Philosopher who had confidence in an outright set in stone; asked understudies guided inquiries toward make them utilize their explanation, later became Socratic Method. Accused of presenting weird divine beings and ruining the youthful, he ended it all. * Rhetoric: Saying things in a persuading matter * Skepticism: The possibility that nothing can ever be known without a doubt. * Sophists: A savvy and educated individual, disparaging of customary folklore, dismissed â€Å"fruitless† philosophical speculations.A individual from a school of antiquated Greek expert thinkers who were master in and shown the abilities of talk, contention, and discussion, yet were censured for presumptive thinking. * Socratic Irony: Feign Ignorance, or claim to be more moronic than truly are to uncover the shortcomings of individuals' reasoning * â€Å"One thing just I know, and that will be that I know nothing† * â€Å"He comprehends what great is will do good† * Plato (4 28-347 B. C. Athens, Greece): Student of Socrates. Set up ‘The Academy'. Composed Dialogs. He was a Dualist. * Two sections to a human: Body ; Soul Plato viewed the body and soul as discrete elements * An individual may pine for or have a hunger for something, yet oppose the hankering with resolution. An accurately working soul requires the most elevated part, reason, to control the least part, craving, with help from the will. * Plato accepted that however the body kicks the bucket and breaks down, the spirit keeps on living for eternity. After the passing of the body, the spirit relocates to what Plato called the domain of the unadulterated structures. There, it exists without a body, thinking about the forms.After a period, the spirit is resurrected in another body and comes back to the world. Be that as it may, the resurrected soul holds a diminish memory of the domain of structures and longs for it * Theory of thoughts/frames: the truth behind the material world, which co ntains the unceasing and unchanging â€Å"patterns† behind the different wonders, we go over in nature. * Plato accepted that everything substantial in nature streams. There are no substances that don't break down, thus everything is made of an ageless â€Å"mold† or â€Å"form† that is endless and unchanging. * Eternal: Lasting or existing orever; without end or starting. * Immutable: Unable to be changed * Form (Ideas): A structure is a theoretical property or quality. Take any property of an article; separate it from that protest and think about it without anyone else, and you are mulling over a structure. For instance, on the off chance that you separate the roundness of a b-ball from its shading, its weight, and so forth and think about only roundness without anyone else, you are thinking about the from of roundness. * The structures are extraordinary. This implies they don't exist in existence. A material item, a ball, exists at a specific spot at a specif ic time.A structure, roundness, doesn't exist at wherever or time. * Pure †the structures just embody one property. Material items are polluted; they consolidate various properties, for example, darkness, circularity, and hardness into one article. * Archetypes †The structures are originals; that is, they are ideal instances of the property that they epitomize. The structures are the ideal models whereupon every single material item are based. The type of redness, for instance, is red, and every single red item are essentially defective * Ultimately Real †The structures are the eventually genuine elements, not material objects.All material articles are duplicates or pictures of some assortment of structures; their world comes just from the structures. * Causes †The structures are the reasons for all things. * They give the clarification of why anything is how it is * They are the source or birthplace of the being of all things * Systematically Interconnected â₠¬ The structures contain a framework driving down from the type of the Good moving from increasingly broad to progressively specific, from increasingly goal to more subjective.This deliberate structure is reflected in the structure of the rationalization procedure by which we come to information on the structures. * Realm of Forms (World of Ideas): The world that we see through the brain, utilizing our ideas, is by all accounts perpetual and constant. People approach the domain of structures through the psyche, through explanation, given Plato's hypothesis of the regions of the human spirit. This gives them access to a perpetual world, insusceptible to the torments and changes of the material world.By segregating ourselves from the material world and our bodies and building up our capacity to fret about the structures, we discover a worth which isn't available to change or breaking down. * Realm of the Illusory (World of the Senses): The world we see through the faculties is by all accounts continually evolving. It appears that all the articles we see with the faculties are basically pictures or encounters in our psyche. They are just emotional purposes of perspectives on the genuine items. For instance, the world shows up fundamentally distinctively to a visually challenged individual than it does to us.The objects that we see as shaded, at that point, must not be the genuine articles, however simply our experience of these items that is controlled by my specific emotional perspective and perceptual contraption. * True Knowledge * He accepted that as aftereffect of the consistent change inside the material world we would never truly have genuine information. * Eros: Greek divine force of adoration; child of Aphrodite; frequently demonstrated blindfolded * Rationalism: the conviction that human explanation is the essential wellspring of our insight into the world * Three pieces of the Soul Reason (Intellect) * In the Head * Provide Wisdom * Where our individua l/one of a kind abilities lie * If reason works amazingly (arete) at that point we are shrewd to that degree * If we practice knowledge to the degree then that piece of the spirit is magnificent * Responsible for affection for learning, energetic, and enlivened * Passion [Appetite/Desire] * From Greek word â€Å"Pathe† meaning the unreasonable developments of the spirit * In gut * Provides balance If enthusiasm works incredibly then we are mild * If we practice balance to the degree then that piece of the spirit is fantastic * Responsible for Desire * Thymos * Means Spirit/Will * In Heart * Provides Courage * Can assist reason with acing energy * If we practice mental fortitude to the degree then that piece of the spirit is brilliant * Responsible for outrage * Views on Women: Plato accepted that ladies had a right, or you may even consider it a task to carry out in the public arena. Their job was to be a critical piece of society, not quite the same as men, yet at the same t ime play a part.Plato accepted that ladies were important for society to run easily. * Women were not equivalents of men * Women needed quality * Women are normally maternal * In Plato’s time it was unbelievable to see ladies as in excess of a bit of property. * Dualist: a sharp division between the truth of thought and expanded reality. * Aristotle (384-322 B. C; Macedonia, Athens): Pupil of Plato's. Trusted Plato's universe of thoughts didn't exist however that the endless thought was actually an idea the possibility of a pony that we have in the wake of seeing huge numbers of them. Learn know through the faculties. â€Å"20 questions†. Causes * What sort of material it is made of? * Wood * What kind of thing it is? * Table * What made it appear? * How it was constructed; the undertaking should have been done to make the table * Purpose or Final Cause (Telos): The reason, end, point, or objective of something. The last reason is the reason why a thing exists. * Meant to be a supper table or work area * Views on Women: Viewed them as â€Å"unfinished men†. * Golden Mean: One can't be a lot of a certain something or excessively less, should be adjusted * Empiricism: Derive all information from what the faculties tell us.There are no intrinsic thoughts and can't demonstrate the presence of God, endlessness or substance * Hellenism: The timeframe and the Greek-overwhelmed culture that won in the three Hellenistic Kingdoms of Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt. The dissemination of Greek Culture all through the Mediterranean world after the victory of Alexander the Great. * The Cynics: True bliss doesn't originate from outer focal points, similar to control/great wellbeing. When you have genuine satisfaction, it can't be lost. Their own/others wellbeing shouldn't upset them. * The Stoics * Stoicism was established by a man named Zeno, who lived from 335-263 BC. He used to address not in a homeroom however outside, on the patio of an open structure * The word for yard in Greek is STOA, thus individuals called his understudies Stoics * People should attempt to arrive at internal quietness * Moderate in everything * Be content with what they had. This would prompt a glad life * The best sign of a person's way of thinking was not what an individual said but rather how he carried on * Destructive feelings came about because of mistakes in judgment * Sage: individual of â€Å"moral and scholarly perfection† * Would not experience the ill effects of such feelings The Epicureans: They accepted delight is the best acceptable, however to achieve joy was to live unobtrusively, gain information on the operations of the world, and breaking point to one's wants. * Neo-Platonism: Belief of two posts on Earth, one end is the plunge light called the One (God). Opposite end is outright haziness, no presence, the nonappearance of light. * Syncretism: The joining of various convictions, regularly while merging acts of different ways of thi nking. * Mysticism: One with God, converging with him. â€Å"I am God. † or â€Å"I am You. † * Two Cultures The Indo-Europeans: Related dialects of Europe, India, and Iran, which are accepted to have slid from a typical tongue spoken generally in the third thousand years B. C. by an agrarian people groups beginning in SE Europe * The Semites: An individual from any of the people groups who talk or communicated in a Semitic language, remembering for specific the Jews and Arabs-for the most part Middle Easterners, they considered history to be an on going line, world will end on day of atonement * The Middle Ages: Period of European history from the fifth century to the fifteenth century * St. Augustine: Latin-speakin

Free will Vs. Determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choice Vs. Determinism - Essay Example the ability to decide, make strides and set up a particular implicit rules in regards to their exercises identified with the individual and expert commitments with no common and social obstacles or obstacles. Thusly, causality of progress and development is dependent of people’s individual desire and goals. Despite what might be expected, determinism energetically centers upon the very rule that man is reliant of some outer powers in the entirety of his exercises, and these outside powers, identified with over a wide span of time, decide his future activities, conducts and the destiny also. Since both these terms have direct association with individual and aggregate existence of the individuals, their examination is unquestionably of fundamental significance for fathoming with and investigation of characteristic and social marvel existing known to mankind on the loose. Faith in extraordinary powers just as supernatural articles is additionally unforeseen to the scholarly exami nation of the extension and extent of through and through freedom and determinism. The inquiry emerges why the issue of through and through freedom versus determinism is the issue. Since savants and scholars have all the earmarks of being at strife on the issue, and have introduced their ideas for just as against unrestrained choice and determinism, it has welcomed the interest of the masterminds for the further examination of the theme. Moreover, however the scholars including Halboch, Campbell, James and others have endeavored to dismiss Schlick’s hypothesis of choice, yet none of them could express the other structure in opposition to that of Moritz Schlick; nor the scholars could figured out how to offer answer for invalidate the through and through freedom in a complete manner. It is consequently the discussion despite everything fills in as a debatable issue even this day. Another explanation behind being this issue an issue incorporates the basic noteworthiness of the subject, which keeps up direct relationship with the controls identified with ration ale, theory, human brain research and political theory. A few speculations have been

Precedent vs. Precedence

Point of reference versus Priority Point of reference versus Priority Point of reference versus Priority By Maeve Maddox An entry in a paper article provoked this email from a peruser: Im scowling at a Virginia paper passage:the first paid occasion held at the lodge territory, which may set priority for future occasions I accept the creator isn't stating this may make the future occasions start things out. It would be ideal if you talk about the distinction among points of reference and priority. The comparability of elocution is maybe one reason for disarray between points of reference [PRES-ih-dents] and priority [PRES-ih-dence], yet the mistake additionally happens with priority and particular point of reference. The words are firmly related in inception and importance. Among the implications of Latin praecädäns are â€Å"a individual who goes in front,† â€Å"a individual who positions above,† and â€Å"a earlier event.† The thing priority may have started as an incorrect spelling of the plural of point of reference, yet it has gained its very own unmistakable significance. Priority implies, â€Å"the actuality of being above or in front of another or others all together, position, or importance.† A typical maxim is â€Å"to take precedence,† meaning â€Å"to appreciate the privilege of going before others in functions and social formalities.† A site on strategic convention for the nation of Saint Lucia gives a case of this use: The Prime Minister, similar to the Governor-General, as the Head of Government, is qualified for specific benefits and courtesies.â He/she has the privilege of priority in all conditions, with the exception of when the Governor-General is in participation. Things just as individuals may â€Å"take precedence† in the feeling of being regarded above something different. A case of this utilization happens in a discourse by a head administrator of Singapore: For a strict individual, still, small voice and strict conviction overshadow the laws of the state, however in a multi-strict society like our own, it gets pivotal to keep religion carefully separate from governmental issues. A point of reference is â€Å"a past occasion taken for instance or rule by which to be guided in comparable cases or circumstances.† A typical colloquialism is â€Å"to set a precedent.† In a legitimate setting, a point of reference is a legal choice that comprises a definitive model for resulting comparable cases. For instance: â€Å"Griswold v. Connecticutâ served as a significant point of reference in the Roe v. Wadeâ decision.† Here, with revisions, are some ordinary blunders in the utilization of priority for point of reference: Off base: A court administering expected soon-originating from community to pretrial data in the William Cruse murder case-may set a priority in what can be accounted for in criminal cases before preliminaries. Right : A court administering expected soon-coming from free to pretrial data in the William Cruse murder case-may start a trend in what can be accounted for in criminal cases before preliminaries. Inaccurate: If the studio accomplishes anyplace close to a similar measure of achievement theyve seen with Cinderella, which has earned about $160 million since its March 13 discharge, it might set a priority for all the more cutting edge flicks to come. Right : If the studio accomplishes anyplace close to a similar measure of progress theyve seen with Cinderella, which has earned about $160 million since its March 13 discharge, it might start a trend for all the more real to life flicks to come. Wrong: The Kyoto Protocol has setâ a noteworthy precedenceâ for atmosphere target arrangements later on, and especially concerning separation of targets betweenâ countries. Right : The Kyoto Protocol has setâ a noteworthy point of reference for atmosphere target arrangements later on, and especially regarding separation of targets betweenâ countries. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives5 Brainstorming Strategies for WritersBail Out versus Bundle Out

This Past Week at SIPA Will China Run out of Water COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

This Past Week at SIPA Will China Run out of Water COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Earth Institutes Columbia Water Center Seminar Series this past week presented Will China Run Out Of Water? with Chunmiao Zheng, Professor of Hydrogeology; SSPA Faculty Fellow; 2009 Birdsall-Dreiss Distinguished Lecturer, University of Alabama. The following comes from the Earth Institutes Web site: The American agricultural expert and environmentalist Lester Brown published a provocative book in 1995 called “Who Will Feed China: Wake-Up Call for a Small Planet.” Today, however, of a greater concern may be the question of whether the unprecedented economic growth in China over the past two decades can be sustained as the environmental pollution and water shortage continue to worsen. Some people have asked, “Will China run out of water?” This question is not merely academic: China has to nourish a fifth of the global population with about seven percent of the planet’s water resources. Ample evidence suggests that China faces a daunting water resource crisis. The country has been battling water shortages in its northern and western provinces for more than a decade. The presentation draws on the presenter’s recent research work in the North China Plain and the Ordos Basin in western China. Chunmiao Zheng received the B.S. degree in geology from Chengdu University of Technology (China) in 1983, and the Ph.D. degree in hydrogeology with a minor in civil environmental engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1988. From 1988 to 1993, he was a hydrogeologist at the environmental consulting firm S.S. Papadopulos Associates, Inc. Since 1993, he has been a professor of hydrogeology in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Alabama. For a profile of Chunmiao Zheng click here.

Schizophrenia Symptoms and Treatment in A Beautiful Mind - Free Essay Example

The film A Beautiful Mind chronicles the adult life of John Nash Jr., a Nobel Prize recipient widely regarded as a brilliant mathematician who greatly influenced modern economic theory. The film focuses on Nashs decades long struggle with paranoid schizophrenia after he receives a diagnosis in 1958. Although it is well known that Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia in real life, I will use this paper to discuss specific symptoms portrayed in the film, and consider how his treatment and environment contributed to his relative recovery later in life. In the film, we follow Nashs long decent and subsequent recovery from schizophrenia as it spans his early 30s until his winning the Nobel Prize in 1994 in his 70s. We meet his character on the campus of Princeton, where he is pursuing his doctorate degree in Mathematics. We can see that Nash is a little different than his colleagues, and while charming, he has difficulty conforming to the social norms expected from his fellow students and professors. In dogged pursuit of an original idea, Nash is portrayed as a stubborn and driven outsider, an eccentric with questionable interpersonal skills. He is often disheveled, wandering the university halls talking to himself, or feverishly scrawling math equations on library windows. During his early years on campus, we see he has difficulty eating regular meals or maintaining consistent personal hygiene. His only close friend is his roommate Charles, who helps keep him grounded and focused. Despite some of these challenges, Nashs dissertation on Game Theory is considered genius and groundbreaking. He graduates from Princeton and is offered a prestigious job at the Rand Corporation. He also teaches at MIT and here he meets and marries graduate student Alicia Larde Lopez-Harrison. Nash excels at his job, and he is soon contacted by a United States Department of Defense agent, William Parcher. Agent Parcher believes Nashs exceptional abilities as a code-breaker can help detect Russian attempts to infiltrate American democracy. Nash becomes fixated and determined in his high stakes mission, but it is isolating due to the classified and top secret nature of the work. Danger and intrigue explode in this part of the firm, and Nash increasingly becomes convinced he will be killed by Russian operatives. As viewers, we believe his paranoia is well founded, fearful for him and his family as it seems the Russians are closing in. In a chaotic chase scene Nashs panic climaxes and he screams at his wife to call the police. In a plot twist, Alicia calls a psychiatric hospital, and Nash is brought into care involuntarily. We soon understand that Nashs DOD code-breaking operations are not real, but a part of his mental illness. Nash, at age 30, appears to experience adult onset paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental disorder characterized by a breakdown in thought, feeling, and behavior. Often someone who suffers from schizophrenia experiences a psychotic episode where what is real and what is imagined is hard to distinguish. Symptoms fall into two classifications, both negative and positive. Negative symptoms include a lack of normal cognitive, emotional, or social responses, a flat affect, or a disinterest in interpersonal relationships. Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and behavior. In order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must experience at least one of these symptoms for 6 months or longer. Psychologists must rule out mood disturbance, brain trauma, and drug use (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the following paragraphs we will discuss the symptoms Nash exhibits in the film, and if the symptomatic presentations are realistic. Nash experiences a psychotic break from reality during his tenure at MIT and the Rand Corporation, however there were early signs of his illness during his time at Princeton. Nashs character is clearly functional he has an exceptionally high IQ and is pursuing a difficult math degree at a prestigious institution. However, Nash experiences difficulty working with others and following social norms. When he feels like his intellect is not understood by one of his advisors he throws a desk out of his dorm window. Meeting and dating women do not come easy to Nash either. His flat affect and inappropriately direct tone with several women earn him a few slaps across the face. He has difficulty making eye contact and has detectable psychomotor retardation. At this point in the film Nash comes across as an eccentric but lovable genius, but his early symptoms are consistent with, and foretelling of, his later diagnosis. As Nash graduates from Princeton, he publishes his groundbreaking paper on Game Theory and lands a prestigious position at Rand Corporation and MIT. He meets and marries his wife Alicia, and for several years he continues to be functioning as an employee and a husband. As time passes, the film portrays Nash as more disheveled, unshaven, disorganized, and consumed with his top secret DOD code-breaking work. We see papers crumpled and overflowing out of his briefcase, he is constantly cutting out newspaper clippings, and he commonly misses appointments or dates because time gets away from him. However, like his colleagues and wife, we as the viewer believe he is deteriorating because of the classified work is stressful. By 1958 Alicia and Nash have a son, when soon after he is admitted into a psychiatric hospital. Here we learn the extent of Nashs break from reality, and his more attenuating symptoms are discovered. We learn his roommate Charles and Agent Parcher are not real, rather they are part of his long lasting and pervasive delusions and hallucinations. (The film takes some dramatic liberties by utilizing visual hallucinations as opposed to the more common auditory hallucinations. Nash spoke publicly later in life stating his hallucinations were auditory). We find there is no record of Nash having Charles as a roommate, and it becomes evident he has suffered from hallucinations for at least 10 years. The additional hallucination of Agent Parcher is an indicator that he is getting worse over time, and it is clear that Nash meets the criteria of having symptoms for 6 months or longer. The paranoid delusions are also a cornerstone to Nashs diagnosis. He believes he is a highly valuable asset to the American government in the fight against Communist Russia. The belief that he is being followed and that they are trying to kill him is a common delusion among those who suffer from paranoid schizophrenia, and the film is highly realistic in this manner. It is also worth noting that Nash has a difficult time believing he is illit takes him months to understand his reality is imagined, also a common symptom of schizophrenia. In the film, Nash is treated with deep insulin shock therapy (DIST) in the psychiatric hospital when he is first admitted. Developed in the 1930s, DIST emerged as one of the major treatments for schizophrenia until it was discredited in the late 1950s (Jones, 2000). We see Nash strapped onto a table, as various medical professionals administer insulin. His body experiences violent seizures and falls into a coma, a procedure believed to cure him of imbalances that were thought to cause schizophrenia. This procedure is hard to watch, and deeply upsetting to Nash and his wife. When he is sent home we also see he is prescribed a pill he is supposed to take daily. The film does not go into detail, but based on the year and the dosage we can guess the pill is most likely a first-generation antipsychotic. The film highlights another important and realistic component of mental health treatment; medication adverse effects. Both DIST and early generation antipsychotics were unpleasant and their side effects great. We see Nash experience flat affect, mood disturbance, and sexual dysfunction. He complains he is unable to think clearly and develop new areas for research, which cause him to secretly discontinue taking his medication. After some time off the antipsychotic and a refusal to receive another round of DIST, his delusions and hallucinations return. This part of the film is highly congruent with reality and proves to be an opportunity for viewers to understand the struggle with medication adherence in this patient population. Nash, with the support of his wife, ultimately decide to discontinue treatment in order to avoid many of the adverse side effects. He believes he can cognitively overcome his mental illness by understanding his hallucinations and delusions are not real. Although Nash does not return to complete health, he is able to manage his schizophrenia, return to work, and contribute to society. This case may be an outlier as far as positive long-term outcomes. Many people with schizophrenia need medication to lead a meaningful life, and there is some possibility that the film may promote false hope in suggesting treatment is not necessary. However, there are longitudinal studies indicating not all patients need antipsychotics continuously throughout there lives to significantly recover (Harrow, Jobe, Faull, 2012). The consequences of the illness on Nashs career and family are highly realistic and help shed light on the far reaching struggles associated with schizophrenia. The film does an excellent job in highlighting the burden a psychiatric illness can put not only on the patient, but on their loved ones as well. Nashs illness, untreated prior to diagnosis, is extremely disruptive and scary. He slowly becomes unable to preform in his job, and his behavior at home is unpredictable. Although some clarity and stability come with the diagnosis, Nash and his family reel from the side effects of treatment. He exhibits an almost catatonic affect, is unable to think clearly, and is unable to preform his duties as a husband and father. Nash experiences relapses because he stops taking his medication, a common and difficult aspect of this particular mental illness, and the family is thrown into disarray again. Until Nash gets his symptoms under control without treatment, something he ultimately was ab le to do, Alicia struggles with the burdens of taking care of their child, running the house, earning an income, and watching over Nash. The film does a good job of portraying how isolating a severe mental illness diagnosis is for the patient and the support system, and how difficult and long the recovery can be. It is also worth noting that the support of Alicia and Nashs colleagues most likely had a profound effect on his prognosis. More favorable risk and protective factors and better neurocognitive skills are associated with longer periods of recovery (Harrow, et al, 2012). A Beautiful Mind is a well-crafted film portraying the intricacies and realities of living with paranoid schizophrenia to broad audience. Although John Nashs case is unusual in some respectshis above average intellect and strong support systemthe film realistically presents classic positive and negative symptoms. The film also presents general treatment and therapy in an accurate historical context, and explores Nashs specific individual choice to not receive treatment. In doing so, the film was able to portray many of the complexities associated with mental illness, and address certain stigmas and misconceptions associated with paranoid schizophrenia.

Lady Macbeth Character Analysis - 1057 Words

Lady Macbeth: If we look at the stage time Lady Macbeth’s character gets throughout the play, we cannot be consider her to be marginalised. Appearing in about 10 scenes, she has a great number of powerful, memorable monologues and is for all intents and purposes, the female protagonist. It is however the changes her character goes through that classifes her as marginalised. Her character is the one undergoing the greatest transformation. She begins the play with full strength and a dominating personality. Her ‘unsex me’ speech in act 1 scene 5 is iconic. Through that monologue, we get our first glimpse into the mind of Lady Macbeth. On first reading, it seems more witchlike than anything the three witches say through the play. But it has†¦show more content†¦When the murder is underway and her hands are deeply plunged in guilt, Shakespeare deliberately gives her an element of sentiment (â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t.†). It seems to me, that she isn’t quite the iron character she portrays herself to be. To put it simply, in the first part of the play, she has to assume the qualities she believes her husband lacks in order to attain what they both equally desire and she therefore crushes the what she calls her ‘womanly weakness’ and acts for her husband’s benefit. However, it is this crushing of humanity and her conscious th at comes back to her, almost in a feral way. When she finds out that that Macbeth has slain the servants of Duncan’s chamber, she faints. It is this fainting, it has been said, this touch of nature that is one of the finest things in the play. Up till act 2 scene 1, Lady Macbeth was the driving agent for the action of the play. After the first murder however, Macbeth no longer needs the sharp lash of her tongue to drive him to crime. Killing suddenly becomes more natural to him. After this, the dynamics between the two change. He thrives on the murders he plans himself. Thus in a sense, depriving Lady Macbeth of her occupation. Deprived of the stimulus by the increasing independence of her husband and his ability to kill without urging, sheShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth Character Analysis Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis Lady Macbeth can be said to be one of Shakespeares most famous and frightening female characters. She fulfills her role among the nobility and is well respected, like Macbeth. She is loving, yet very determined that her husband will be king. At the beginning of the play, when she is first seen, she is already plotting the murder of Duncan, showing more strength, ruthlessness, and ambition than Macbeth. She lusts after power and position and then pressures her husband intoRead MoreLady Macbeth Character Analysis768 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the character Lady Macbeth has changed throughout Act I and Act V tremendously. Her attitude has changed heavily from her being cold-hearted and harsh in the beginning, to being dominated by guilt. Lady Macbeth’s transformation reveals the darkness of human nature and eventually dark ambition leads to Macbeth murdering Duncan to be king. This play critiques or upholds prescribed gender roles because when Lady Macbeth is pushing Macbeth to murder Duncan, she feels as if she hasRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Lady Macbeth1100 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the author Shakespeare describes many character developments. After winning the battle and defeating Macbeth, Malcom describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as cruel and ruthless people. However, this is not an accurate statement. Lady Macbeth does begin as an ambitious and callous fiend. Throughout the story, Lady Macbeth’s character changes dramatically into a shell of her former self. Lady Macbeth character evolves from an ambitious villain, to a neutral entity, and finallyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Lady Macbeth935 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth, a play written by Shakespeare centers around the two leads, Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth, who both have the capacity to exhibit evil throughout the play. Although Lady Macbeth is the one who convinces her husband to commit his first murder, she is not responsible for all the other murders Macbeth had committed throughout the play. Hence, it is Macbeth, who is more evil than his wife and not the other way around. Lady Macbeth possesses traits of a villain, but unlike her husband, sheRead MoreLady Macbeth Character Analysis1185 Words   |  5 Pages Here Lady Macbeth and her servant would enter SL as the opposing door represents Macbeth’s chambers nor could they enter through SR. Why? In the previous scene, Macbeth has sent his assassins towards his chamber in order to belay his orders, Lady Macbeth could not possibly be present there as well as she has exited further outwards of the castle in the events prior. The servant is then tasked with fetching Macbeth and thus he would initiate a cross over towards SR (â€Å"Say to the king, I would attendRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth Character Analysis476 Words   |  2 Pages Lady Macbeth: Unsexed and Uncovered nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lady Macbeth progresses throughout the play from a seemingly savage and heartless creature to a very delicate and fragile woman. In the beginning of the play, she is very ambitious and hungry for power. She pushes Macbeth to kill Duncan in order to fulfill the witches’ prophecy. In Act I, Scene 6, she asks the gods to make her emotionally strong like a man in order to help her husband go through with the murder plot. She says, â€Å"ComeRead MoreAnalysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning And A Woman s Lover 1712 Words   |  7 PagesThis analysis will look at how major themes such as, ambition, supernatural, reality and appearance, played a role in the way events occurred and how they have affected the marriage between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This analysis would also study how the author, William Shakespeare, portrayed these themes using language and historical context to affect the opinions of the audience’s perception of the two cha racters. As Shakespeare’s Macbeth had been written in the past, it would be of great contrastRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1318 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare s tragedy, Macbeth, follows a man’s bloody rise to power, which hinges on murder of the Scottish king named Duncan. In my opinion, the play s most memorable character is the wife of this man, Lady Macbeth. Similar to her spouse, Lady Macbeth s lust for power plunges her into madness. So much so that Lady Macbeth turns to witchcraft transforms herself into an desexualized evil spirit to quench her thirst to become a man. The play is filled with moments when characters reveal vital informationRead MoreThe General Summary Of Banquos Macbeth1530 Words   |  7 PagesLocation: A grassland near Forres General Summary: Macbeth and Banquo, meet the three witches on the hill as they return from the battle. The witches make three prophecies for each of them and Macbeth begins to wonder what the future entails. Analysis: Once again, the witches enter the stage to the sounds of thunder. They boast of their evil powers. The third witch implies the limits of their power. â€Å"Though his bark cannot be lost, Yet it shall be tempest tossed (I, iii, 24–25)†. As sheRead MoreLady Macbeth and the Jacobean Society820 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth’s atypical and complex character directly challenged the archetypal principles and beliefs of the Jacobean era which as a result, drew major fascination through the ages. Lady Macbeth was Shakespeare’s device to not only stimulate audience’s emotions, but to also provide historical context and elicit dominant themes which reflected Jacobean society. Her ambiguous character and remarkable influences in the play raised a lot of controversy and fascination amongst both modern and Jacobean

Auditory Learning Strategies and Characteristics

Do you prefer lectures over long reading assignments? Are you great at following verbal directions? Do you benefit from in-class discussions and receive great marks for class participation? If so, you may be an auditory learner. Auditory learning is one of the  three learning styles  established by the VAK model of learning. In essence, auditory learners retain information best when it is presented through sound and speech. Auditory learners generally remember what their teacher says and readily participate in class. They are good listeners and often very social, which means they can sometimes get distracted from the lesson by everything else going on in the classroom. Auditory learning methods range from studying with voice recordings to memorizing vocabulary words by inventing short songs. Strengths of Auditory Learners From kindergarten to calculus class, auditory learners will be some of the most engaged and responsive members of any classroom. Here are some of the strengths that will help them achieve success in the classroom: Good at explaining ideas out loudKnack for understanding changes in tone of voiceSkilled at oral reports and class presentationsUnafraid to speak up in classFollows verbal directions wellEffective member of study groupsGifted storytellerAble to work through complex problems by talking out loud Auditory Learning Strategies Those with an auditory learning style like to speak and hear others speak in order to learn, but they may have trouble reading silently or staying engaged in a completely quiet classroom. If you are an auditory learner, try these strategies to improve your learning experience. Find a study buddy. Team up with a study group or a reliable study partner and quiz each other on the content. Verbally reinforcing the information will help you retain it, especially if you have to memorize lots of details.Record class lectures. Ask your instructors permission to create audio recordings of class lectures. During class, focus your brain power on listening closely to the lecture. Youll process the information much better this way than if you try to jot down every word the teacher says. Later, you can listen back to the recording and take notes on the most important information.Sit near the front of the room. Find a spot in the front row so that you can hear every word of the lecture.Listen to classical music. Listen to lyric-free music while you study. (Music with lyrics may be too distracting.)Participate in class discussions as much as possible. Talking about your ideas and voicing your questions will increase your understanding of the material. Encourage other stud ents when they speak so that others feel just as comfortable as you do speaking in front of a group.  Record yourself reading key terms and their definitions out loud. Then, listen to the recording while you walk to class, exercise, or get ready for bed.Repeat facts with your eyes closed. This technique will help you focus your attention on the auditory process, rather than any other visual stimuli that might be in front of you.Read assignments out loud. If youre given a homework assignment that involves reading a lengthy chapter, dont feel like youre trapped into a silent reading session. Instead, curl up in your room or another study space and read aloud to yourself. (You can even make it interesting by using goofy voices.) Auditory Learning Tips for Teachers Auditory learners need to listen, speak, and interact in order to learn. They are often social butterflies. Help the auditory learners in your class put their gift of gab to good use with these teaching strategies. Call on auditory learners to answer questions.Lead class discussions and reward class participation.During lectures, ask auditory learners to repeat ideas in their own words.Record your lectures so that auditory learners can listen to them more than once.Allow any struggling auditory learner to take an oral exam instead of a written one.Create lesson plans that include a social element, such as paired readings, group work, experiments, projects, and performances.Modulate your vocal tone, inflection, and body language during lectures.Allow students with an auditory learning style to listen to approved music during silent study periods.

Health Care Reform Essay - 1840 Words

Health care reform in the United States is a vital issue. Over the years, multiple Presidents have attempted to address reform but significant political obstacles have prevented any major change since the Social Security Act which established Medicaid and Medicare in 1965 (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2009). On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The premise of this legislation was to increase access to care by allowing more Americans to gain access to coverage and to impact the rising cost of healthcare in the country. After its implementation, between one and three million Americans ages 18 – 26 gained access to health insurance through coverage eligibility†¦show more content†¦There are four categories of quality measures used in pay-for-performance: process measures, outcome measures, patient experience, and structure measures. Process measures evaluate activities which positively aff ect health outcomes for patients. Outcome measures determine the effects the care provided have on the patient. Patient experience encompasses the patients’ satisfaction with the services received. Structure measures evaluate the equipment used by facilities, as well as the personnel employed by the facilities (James, 2012). As of 2016, expenditures for hospital readmissions were estimated at twelve billion dollars a year (Mason et al., 2016). These costs are many times unnecessary and avoidable. Medicare’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program can reduce payments by one percent to hospitals for readmissions for heart attacks, heart failure, or pneumonia in disproportionate amounts (James, 2012). It also will reward the hospitals that exceed the expectations set forth. The wide-ranging changes to healthcare policy impelled hospitals to discover other avenues for mitigating financial risks associated with the new policy. Patient coordination and discharge planning have become central to patient care. Case managers utilize medical homes, home care,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care Reform Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare Financial Reform Proposal Sandra Xavier Grand Canyon University: HCA 240 Professor Tina Block July 8, 2012 Healthcare Financial Reform Proposal I believe healthcare reform is a waste of time and money but I also see that it can be beneficial to many uninsured Americans. First of all, health care costs keep rising and in 2011 the average cost for a family of four increased by 7.3% or $19,393. This is double the cost estimated in 2003, and by 2030 payroll taxes will cover onlyRead More Health Care Reform Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. As Theda Skocpol comments in her book Boomerang: Clinton’s Health Security Effort and the Turn Against Government in U.S. Politics, the Reagan administration instilled a dislike of centralized government in the American people. This was a major reason, according to Skocpol, why the Clinton Administration failed to nationalize â€Å"Health Security†. It was this fear of centralized government and Clinton’s failure to reform Health Care that makes a more centralized social policy unlikely in the nearRead MoreHealth Care and the Reform Essay1082 Words   |  5 P agesHealth insurance was developed to provide guaranteed coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Currently, the United States is facing a major challenge in controlling the cost of health care and providing coverage for everyone. This is why it is so important for the government to develop a new health care insurance plan. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of health care, the major improvements made to coverage through the years. Discussing the healthcare reformRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages but that is impossible with the chaos that is happening in the American health care industry and a serious reform is needed such as the accepting the Patient Protection Affordability Care Act. The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010 by Barrack Obama, but some do not agree with the obamacare are on the fast track to repeal the bill. The law would focuses on the health care reform in the United States by providing better coverage for those with pre-existingRead MoreEssay Health Care Reform1525 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Reform There has been a lot of talk and debate lately over Health Care Reform, as people are trying to answer the question – Should a universally accessible health care system be implemented in the United States (US)? This ongoing highly debatable issue remains a hot topic among US citizens from all walks of life, from the very poor to the very wealthy. Health Care Reform affects everyone. The vast majority of the US population is very dissatisfied with the current state of health careRead MoreHealth Care Reform Essay2227 Words   |  9 Pagesintroduced a Health Security Proposal in 1993, which was his attempt for a fundamental reform of the American healthcare system (Longest, 2010). In January of 1993, Clinton announced that he would be putting together a team of experts to review the issue of health care cost and develop a plan to propose to congress (Bok, 1998). On September 22, 1993, Clinton then made a speech to Congress announcing this new health plan (Bok, 1993). In his sp eech, Clinton urged law makers to â€Å"Fix a health care systemRead MoreEssay about Health Care Reform1520 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Universal Health Care System One of the most long-standing health care systems was originated in Germany in 1889 by Otto von Bismarck’s social legislation. Its included bills were the Health Insurance Bill 1883, Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill of 1889, and Accident Insurance Bill of 1883. The National Insurance Act of 1911 in Britain covered most people employed. It also financed dependents if families had contributed for at least five years. This coverage lasted whether familiesRead MoreHealth Care Reform in Politics Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Reform in Politics Due to the upcoming presidential election, the two major political parties, and their candidates, have been focusing on the primary problems that the nation will face. Chief among those problems is the future of Medicare, the national health-insurance plan. Medicare was enacted in 1965, under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson, in order to provide health insurance for retired citizens and the disabled (Ryan). The Medicare program covers most people agedRead MoreThe Need for Health Care Reform Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesneeds of their own citizens. The need for health care reform is more evident than ever. The recession of America has caused many people hardship due to many lay-offs and the fact that insurance premiums have risen drastically. Many families are not receiving the health care that they require due to these circumstances. It affects not only the young, but the senior citizens as well. Many people do not qualify for the already present government health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare.Read MoreEssay on The Necessity of Health Care Reform1171 Words   |  5 Pagesuninsured for health care as of 2008 (CDC). This number is too high! What can Americans do about this growing problem? The Republicans and Democrats both have their separate plans for this matter, both of which contain good ideas, but fall short of what this country needs. A mixture of the two plans will solve this country’s health insurance problems. The Republicans have very specific beliefs on health care. They believe in helping out the individual by allowing them to take care of their own

John Locke And Thomas Hobbes Essay - 1490 Words

James Madison strongly believed and supported increasing national power of government and that led him to establish his model known as Madison’s model. James Madison’s design to maximize liberty and still allow the government to govern is proven through the four component parts of Madison’s model. These four components include separation of powers, checks and balances, federalism, and republicanism. The philosophies of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes influenced Madison in a way that allowed him to have both liberty and order at the same time. John Locke believed in individual liberty and freedom from the government whilst Thomas Hobbes believed that the state of nature is that people are born selfish. These two philosophers managed to influence Madison because Madison wanted liberty but also wanted order and that was mentioned in Hobbes’s theory of a strong leader which provided order. A philosopher named Thomas Hobbes believed that the main purpose of government was order. Thomas Hobbes today would support a monarchy such as Trump. His view of human nature led him to see people as being born selfish, driven by their desires, and acting upon disputes as sovereign people would. This led him to perceive a government best ruled by one. One of his arguments stated that because people living in a never-ending war between each citizen, â€Å"every man against every man†, provided Hobbes to assume that people would be in search of a ruler who could provide peace and stability. In Hobbes’sShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 Pagessocial contract theory, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke established many of the founding ideals that contemporary Liberalism is based on. While the shared many similar positions, there are some key distinctions to be made between the arguments Hobbes and Locke make in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famousRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesEifling-Question 4 Hobbes and Locke During and after the English Revolution, a few philosophers expressed different views on their philosophical outlook and life experiences. Some of the most outstanding thinkers include Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. They had opposing views on governance matters, but the two, also, had striking similarities. In addition, the two represented an increasingly modernized European population that despised absolute kingship. Both Hobbes and Locke proposed a conceptionRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes1287 Words   |  6 Pagesknow how to balance and consider the nature of humankind and their rights. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They both developedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1346 Words   |  6 PagesContracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the twoRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke928 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no formed society, government, laws, safety, etc. both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke take this into perspective while introducing a political view. As illustrated by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, they proposed political views on how human nature can prosper. Initially, Thomas Hobbes introduces a concept on the state of nature and its effects as well as how peace can be achieved. In Leviathan, Hobbes defines what living in a state of nature would be like and theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 Pagesare very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. Hobbes assumed differently, thus his verdicts are very different from other natural law theoristsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the mo st phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of dread in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruled

Hall High/Low Communication Free Essays

Hall High/Low Context Communication In this essay I’d like to  express my opinion about Hall’s Context Communication. In general, in today’s business relations, it’s a small world after all. As more companies turn towards global markets, professionals are finding themselves in foreign locales, wheeling and dealing like never before. We will write a custom essay sample on Hall High/Low Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the key to effective communication between countries is an understanding of each other’s culture, especially a working knowledge of how each society conveys meaning. First used by author Edward Hall, the expressions â€Å"high context† and â€Å"low context† are labels denoting inherent cultural differences between societies. High-context and low-context communication refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning. Hall states that in communication, individuals face many more sensory cues than they are able to fully process. In each culture, members have been supplied with specific â€Å"filters† that allow them to focus only on what society has deemed important. In general, cultures that favor low-context communication will pay more attention to the literal meanings of words than to the context surrounding them. When individuals from high-context and low-context cultures collaborate, there are often difficulties that occur during the exchange of information. These problems can be separated into differences concerning â€Å"direction†, â€Å"quantity† and â€Å"quality. For example, employees from high-context cultures like China and France share very specific and extensive information with their â€Å"in-group members† (good friends, families, close coworkers, etc). In comparison, low-context cultures like the United States and Germany prefer to limit communication to smaller, more select groups of people, sharing only that information which is necessary. And now I’d like to speak in detail about the main features of each kind of Context Communication. High-Context Communication Hall: â€Å"Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person. † * Knowledge is situational, relational * Less is verbally explicit or written or formally expressed * More internalized understandings of what is communicated (ex: â€Å"in-jokes†) * Often used in long term, well-established relationships * Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face communication, often around a central, authoritative figure * Strong awareness of who is accepted/belongs vs. outsiders† Low Context Communication Hall: â€Å"The mass of information is vested in the explicit code [message]. † * Rule oriented * More knowledge is public, external, and accessible. * Shorter duration of communications * Knowledge is transferable * Task-centered. Decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done and the division of responsibilities. To draw the conclusion, once can say that communication is everything, so make sure you kno w not only  what  to say, but also  how  to say it! How to cite Hall High/Low Communication, Papers

Abortion Pro Choice View Essay Example For Students

Abortion: Pro Choice View Essay Abortion: Pro Choice View Essay Hong Chen Composition I Abortion is a growing issue in America among women and their right to reproduce children. Approximately one to three million abortions are done each year. Women get abortions for many reasons such as for rape, teen pregnancy and health reasons. Rape is one of many reasons that cause women to choose abortion to end their pregnancies. What to do about their pregnancy is mandatory, although many or them felt they were ending a life. They are wise enough to know how they would treat their illegitimate child. They hate their rapist, and worry that if they kept their babies, they would hate their children for reminding them of such a painful time. Young women between 15 and 19 account for at least 5 million abortions every year 1 million of them in the United States. In fact, one of every five pregnancies happens to a teen-age girl. In situations like this, some people are sure that they could take care of the child, while others know that they arent ready or mature enough to take so much responsibility. In many cases the child would have no one to rely on but a single mother with no schooling, and maybe a non-supportive family. He or she would have a twisted, miserable upbringing, left vulnerable later in life. Another reason that causes women choice abortion is health problem. There is a range of problems, including the child being born with Downs Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, or a disposition to obesity, which can later in life cause clogged arteries and heart failure. In another case, people must often make choice between saving the mother, already a functioning member of society, or letting her die to try and save the baby. In conclusion, for any pregnant woman, making a decision to abort her child is painful and ruthless, but under certain situation such as rape, young age and health reasons, a woman would choose to terminate her pregnant by abortion. .

Development of Irish Nationalism free essay sample

To unite Irish Catholics into a unified political movement and secure   Catholic emancipation. Catholic rent to foster a sense of involvement and loyalty and to   raise funds for the movement. Mobilised support through the Catholic Church, who gave their support   to the movement. ‘awakened the political consciousness of the Irish masses’ . Wrenched Catholic Emancipation from a hostile government and king. Associated nationalism with Catholicism – limited possible support   right from the  start. 840 The  Repeal  Association To secure a repeal of the Union. However, O’Connell was committed to  the British connection and was not fighting for independence. Repeal Rent Catholic Church Monster Meetings The Irish people were not really interested in repeal of the Union,  especially after 1845 when the Famine swept through Ireland – a  starving and tired people could hardly have much interest in a  political movement that had so littl e chance of success 1848 Young Ireland They looked back to  Wolfe  Tone and their ultimate aim was independence  for Ireland. However, under the influence of Finton Laylor who argued  that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  and they also committed to land reform. Violent Rebellion (1848) The rebellion was a complete failure, but the Young Ireland movement   left an important legacy. 1867 Fenians established An independent Ireland Violence – ultimately, a mass rebellion like that of Wolfe Tone. The Fenians were always a minority in the national movement, and their  actions tended to arouse hostility rather than admiration in Ireland. However, their atrocities in the 60’s motivated men like Gladstone  into a program of reform for Ireland. This was perhaps their most  surprising and unintended legacy. However, the Fenian movement stayed alive throughout the period, and  was ready to play an important role in the revival of republicanism  after 1914, and played an important role in the 1916 Rising. 1870 Butt founds the Home Rule Party Self-government – he was committed to the British connection. Parliamentary pressure Butt was a complete failure. He did not command a sense of loyalty  either from the Irish population or his party. His leadership and  authority was poor, and many members of his party were not committed  Home Rulers. He had a great deal of respect for the House of Commons,  but no one paid him any attention in parliament, and many laughed at  him. 1879 New Departure – the causes of land reform and HR were united in one  national movement   To settle all areas of Irish grievance, but ultimately: Land reform Home rule A combination of constitutional and extra-parliamentary methods:   Land war Pressure in Parliament Second Land Act ineffective Made Home Rule a realistic possibility 1880 Parnell takes over the leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party A more effective party, with a more authoritarian leadership and more  discipline. Home Rule. Parnell centralised authority, and in 1882, all members had to sign an  oath of allegiance to the party. The party was united under Parnell’s leadership and it became a far  more formidable parliamentary force. The greatest Irish movements  were united under his leadership. 1881 Second Land Act To destroy the ‘raison d’etre’ of the LL. Less an economic policy  than a political stroke. Granted the 3 F’s and thus all of the demands of the LL. It did not solve the real problems in Irish agriculture Put Parnell in a dilemma In the long term, rents were reduced through the land courts 1881 Parnell is imprisoned To ensure that he did not wreck the land act by opposing it. He became a martyr, and his popularity grew. Violence increased. 1882 Kilmainham Treaty Parnell replaces the Land League with the National  League   To stop increase and spread of violence. The National League was to  replace the LL and become the electoral arm of the IPP, promoting HR. Violence did decrease, and support for Home Rule grew very rapidly –  the NL was a very effective body. 1885 General Election – Parnell commits to the Conservatives Home Rule – he thought the C’ves were more likely to grant it. He supported the C’ve party, and instructed Irish voters in England to  vote C’ve   The C’ves swept to power, and were guaranteed the support of the Irish  in parliament. 1885 Gladstone announced as in favour of Home Rule. CSP switched sides. The Cons were defeated and the Liberals came back   to power. 1886 First Home Rule Bill It failed in the H of C’s. Several prominent Liberal unionists left  the party. The Liberals were out, and the Irish faced 20 years of  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœresolute government’. 1890 Divorce Scandal IPP split The IPP split, and never fully recovered. There was no effective  fighting force for the next 10 years at least. 1894 Second Home Rule Bill It failed in the House of Lords. The Irish became disillusioned, and  support for the Irish party, which was heavily divided, fled. 1900 IPP reform under the moderate John Redmond There was now a united Irish party to fight for Irish causes. 1907 Sinn Fein is founded  an independent Irish republic. SF did not begin as a violent organisation – it championed ‘passive   resistance’ and used abstention from parliament to show their  opposition to the British connection. Sinn Fein would soak up disillusioned home rulers, and change the  Irish question from one of Home Rule to one of Independence. 1910 Constitutional crisis Redmond used it to get Asquith to promise a HR bill in the next  Parliament. It worked. 1912 Third Home Rule Bill The Lords could not block it forever, and it was clear that Home Rule  would eventually happen, but not for two years. 1913 Irish Volunteers formed. To keep up with Unionist developments – to insure the Irish were not  left behind and could exert as mush pressure on the government as  Ulster. To fight for HR were It necessary. The Irish situation deteriorated further. Tensions were raised. 1914 Home Rule can come into operation, but it was clear that the 1912 Bill  was not feasible. 1914 The First World War Irish question shelved The government was impressed by the nationalists’ show of support and  put HR on the statute books. However, as the war dragged on, support  for it waned, but more importantly, nationalists grew impatient and ‘the  revolutionaries were soon to advance to the centre of the stage’. IV’s split, amp; a small group of revolutionaries formed their own group   the ‘Irish Volunteers’. Redmond’s group became the ‘Nationalist  Volunteers’   Eon Mac Neill’s group wanted to gain power in Ireland with the support  of the Irish people and proclaim an independent Irish Republic through  an armed insurrection like Tone’s. They too, hoped to use Eng’s  enemies against them, and got support and arms from the Germans. IRB men heavily influenced the party but this was not known  either within the party or outside it. Although Mac Neill was a revolutionary, he was against a premature  uprising. However, he was not aware that IRB men had penetrated the  leadership of the party and held many senior positions, men like  Pearse, who argued that it was an honour to die for one’s country. 1916 Easter Rising To proclaim and independent Irish Republic and  win  the support of the  Irish people. The republic was proclaimed, but the rising was a disaster. Only a few  of the Irish Volunteers actually showed up, and they were far  outnumbered by troops and police. The population were indifferent or  openly hostile, and by the time the fighting had finished, Dublin was  in ruins. People were angry and believed the volunteers should be  punished. 1916 The British government set out to destroy revolutionary nationalism  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœroot and branch’   There were wholesale arrests and deportations. Around 3000 Irish men  and women were arrested, 1,500 were quickly released, 160 were jailed  and the rest interned in England and Wales. 5 were executed in early  May. The barbarity with which prisoners and civilians were treated  incited anger and resentment against the British in all classes in S. Ireland. Those who went into prison mild nationalists often came out  hardened revolutionaries. John Dillon complained that it seemed as if  the government was bent on trying to ‘breed Sinn Feiners’ (SF had now   become a militant organisation). 1917 Martial Law was declared in Ireland. To destroy ‘revolutionism’. Anti-British sentiment grew, and so did support for Sinn Fein. Irishmen who were treated as terrorists became terrorists. 1918 Conscription crisis There was a brief period of compromise between the nationalists and  Sinn Fein when furious nationalists retired from Westminster to go  home and lead Irishmen in the fight against conscription should it  come. Irishmen were furious and support for SF grew rapidly. 1918 Negotiations begin again. LG got both sides to agree to partition. However, key Unionists in  the coalition government refused to countenance an immediate grant of  HR and the talks collapsed. Redmond had fatally undermined his  position in the party and in Ireland by his support for partition and  Irishmen switched to SF in their droves. FSL Lyons said ‘the whole  constitutional movement, in the last analysis was the chief casualty  of 1916’. 1917 De Valera becomes leader of SF and later of the IV. ‘thus combining in his person the leadership of both the political and  military wings of the Irish revolutionary movement’. The historian  Roy Foster says that by 1918, SF ‘had succeeded to the position  enjoyed by Parnell’s IPP in the later 1880’s’. 1918 General Election – Sinn Fein sweep the board The Election was fought on the basis of the Easter Monday declaration  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ an independent Irish republic and the destruction of British power  in Ireland – SF now had a mandate from the Irish people to fight for  it – they wanted Britain out once and for all. 1918 Sinn Fein sets up the Dail This was a provisional government in Ireland, and it set up its own  courts and even collected taxes. Its acceptance by the Irish people  showed that Ireland had no loyalty to Britain and that Britain  therefore had no legitimacy in ruling Ireland. The Dail was backed up  by the IRA under Michael Collins. 919 IRA begin a campaign of murder and harassment against British police  and soldiers. To destroy British power in Ireland and get them to withdraw. Irishmen were shocked by the activities of the IRA, and support for SF  briefly waned. However, the disillusionment was only brief as the  British soon intervened, and reversed the trend. LG responded with  t he ‘time honoured expedient of coercion’. 1919/20 LG begins his campaign against the IRA To stop the IRA’s campaign of terror, enforce the Government of  Ireland Act and destroy revolutionary nationalism. Coercion. The provisional gov was declared illegal, SF and the IRA  were proclaimed, and there was an attempt to suppress revolutionary  publications. Extra police were brought in to enforce the GIA the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBlack and Tans’ and the Auxilaries/Auxies, whose name soon became a  synonym for terror. It was a complete and utter failure. The fight descended into a  bitter struggle of terror and counter-terror, and the IRA extended its  targets to civilians they regarded as traitors to the cause. Politicians on both sides had lost control of their forces.

Monarch Migration

Monarch Migration The phenomenon of monarch migration in North America is well known, and quite extraordinary in the insect world. There are no other insects in the world that migrate twice each year for close to 3,000 miles. Monarchs living east of the Rocky Mountains in North America fly south each fall, gathering in central Mexicos Oyamel fir forest for the winter. Millions of monarchs gather in the this forest area, covering the trees so densely that branches break from their weight. Scientists aren’t sure how the butterflies navigate to a place they have never been. No other population of monarchs migrates this far. The Migrant Generation: The monarch butterflies that emerge from chrysalides in late summer and early fall differ from the previous generations. These migrant butterflies appear the same but behave quite differently. They will not mate or lay eggs. They feed on nectar, and cluster together during the cool evenings to stay warm. Their only purpose is to prepare for and make the flight south successfully. You can see a monarch emerge from its chrysalis in the photo gallery. Environmental factors trigger the migration. Fewer hours of daylight, cooler temperatures, and diminishing food supplies tell the monarchs it is time to move south. In March, the same butterflies that made the journey south will begin the return trip. The migrants fly to the southern U.S., where they mate and lay eggs. Their descendants will continue the migration north. In the northernmost part of the monarchs range, it may be the great grandchildren of the migrants that finish the trip. How Scientists Study Monarch Migration: In 1937, Frederick Urquhart was the first scientist to tag monarch butterflies in a quest to learn about their migration. In the 1950’s, he recruited a handful of volunteers to help in the tagging and monitoring efforts. Monarch tagging and research is now conducted by several universities with the help of thousands of volunteers, including school children and their teachers. The tags used today are small adhesive stickers, each printed with a unique ID number and contact information for the research project. A tag is placed on the butterfly’s hindwing, and does not impede flight. A person who finds a tagged monarch can report the date and location of the sighting to the researcher. The data collected from each season’s tags provides scientists with information about the migration path and timing. In 1975, Frederick Urquhart is also credited with finding the monarch’s wintering grounds in Mexico, which were unknown until that time. The site was actually discovered by Ken Brugger, a naturalist volunteering to help with the research. Read more about Urquhart and his lifelong study of monarchs. Energy-Saving Strategies: Remarkably, scientists discovered that migrating butterflies actually gain weight during their long journey. They store fat in their abdomens, and use air currents to glide as much as possible. These energy-saving strategies, together with feeding on nectar throughout the trip, help the migrants survive the arduous travel. The Day of the Dead: The monarchs arrive at their Mexico wintering grounds en masse in the final days of October. Their arrival coincides with el Dia de los Muertos, or the Day of the Dead, a Mexican traditional holiday that honors the deceased. The indigenous people of Mexico believe the butterflies are the returning souls of children and warriors. Sources: Monarch WatchLongest Regularly Repeated Migration, University of Florida

Whats a Good ACT Score for Your College

What's a Good ACT Score for Your College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Hopefully at this point in your college application process you have thought about your dream schools. Whether you took the ACT once and are debating taking it again or if you are just beginning the ACT preparation process, you are probably wondering what ACT will get you accepted. While there is no one exact ACT score that will be considered â€Å"good† for your college or guarantee you a spot, there is a particular ACT score that will you give you the best chance of being accepted. What is it? I will answer that and more by guiding you through 4 easy steps. College ACT Score Ranges and What They Mean for You Before figuring out your target score, you should look at colleges’ ACT score range.The score range will show the scores that admitted freshmen received.Usually, schools provide you with scores from the most recent applicant pool. The scores will be written in one of two ways: as a 25th/75th percentile range or as an average ACT score.The 25th percentile score indicates 25% of admits received an ACT score at or below that number (and 75% of admits scored higher).The 75th percentile score means 75% of admits received an ACT score at or below that number (and 25% of admits scored higher).The average ACT scoreis simply the average of all admitted students’ ACT scores. Looking at the score ranges will help you understand what ACT score you need to be a competitive applicant to that universitysince you'll know what ACT scores admitted students received.Before figuring out your target ACT score, you need to figure out what your list of target schools. Step #1: Create Your List of Target Schools You may have some schools in mind, but take the time to write down a list of the schools you hope to attend. Do not include your safety schools on this list.A safety school is a schoolthat you're almost certain you'll be accepted to with the ACTscore and GPA you have now. This target school list should include the more selective colleges. You should exclude the safety schools because you want to plan your target ACT score for the colleges with the most difficult admissions criteria. If you meet the admissions criteria for the selective colleges, you'll very likely be accepted to your safety schools.Once you have identified your target schools, draw a table with 3 columns with the following titles: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score Fill in your target colleges under school name as I did below: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan UC Berkeley Under the 2nd column for 25th percentile or average ACT, you should write either the 25th percentile or average SAT score for that college. As I said before, universities will only give you one or the other; whichever they give you, writethat number in that column. Under the last column for 75th percentile / target score, write the school’s 75th percentile score (if you can find it). For colleges that give average ACT, you will be calculating a unique target score later on in this article. Step #2: Find Out the ACT Scores of Admitted Students. Now that you have your list finding the admitted students’ ACT score range is very easy. Simply search â€Å"[College Name] ACT† or â€Å"[College Name] ACT 25th/75th percentile† in Google.That will lead you to what is known as the Freshman Admission Profile for your target school.If you can't locatea Freshman Admit Profile for your target college, check out our database of college admission requirements. There you'll find the admissions requirementsfor almost every schoolin the US. Use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search for your target college. Here is a screenshot of University of Michigan’s Freshman Admit Profile: Colleges will usually provide you with the 25th/75th percentile ACT score for freshmen. Some colleges call it the mid 50% range (as UMich does above), but the 2 numbers they provide are the 25th and 75th percentile scores.For UMich, the 25th percentile ACT score is 30, and the 75th percentile ACT score is 34. Add the 25th percentile / 75th percentile composite ACT score to your chart in the appropriate columns: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley While most colleges tell you the 25th/75th percentile ACT scores, other colleges will only give you one number, the average ACT score for admits (which UC Berkeley does on their admissions site).The average ACT score is just the average of all of the ACT scores for admits. Since the score is an average, you cannot determine exactly how many applicants scored above and below it, but we will assume about 50% of admits scored above and 50% of admits scored below. For Berkeley, the average ACT is 31. Knowing this information, we'll writeit in the column for 25th Percentile or Average SAT, leave the 75th Percentile / Target Score blank for now for the schools that only provide average ACT. I'll explain what to fill in for those schools later on: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley 31 Step #3: Determine Your Target Score for Those Schools. Based on each school’s 25th/75th percentile ACT or average ACT, we'll determine what your target score should be.For schools that provide the 25th/75th percentile ACT, you should aim for a score at or above the 75th percentile. (Which is exactly why I had you list the 75th percentile in the same column as target score. The 75th percentile is your target score!) For those schools that just give you an average composite ACT (such as UC Berkeley), I would aim for a score 2 points above that average score.For the best shot of admission to UC Berkeley, I would aim for a 33. You should writein that number (the average ACT plus 2 points) on your chart under 75th percentile / Target score: School Name 25th Percentile or Average ACT 75th Percentile / Target Score University of Michigan 31 34 UC Berkeley 31 33 You may wonder why you shouldn’t aim a score closer to the 25th percentile or the average since many applicants are accepted with that score. I wrote this article assuming that you are a â€Å"normal† applicant and not a â€Å"special† applicant. To qualify as a special applicant, you need to be an athlete, legacy, child of significant donors, or a unique talent (such as world-class opera singers or famous actors). These special applicants are typically admitted with the lower scores (25th percentile score). If you're a â€Å"normal† applicant, you'll want a higher ACT score to set you apart and give yourself the best chance of being accepted. The higher your score, the better your chance of admission. As an example, check out Brown University’s breakdown of admission; below is a screenshot: If you look at the highest score (36), 23.8% of applicants who scored a 36 were accepted to Brown, which is significantly higher than the overall Brown admissions rate 8.7%. You can see that as your score begins to decline (you get between 33 and 35) your chance of admission drops by 11.1%, from 23.8% to 12.7%.The lesson to take away from this data is the higher you score, the better your chance of being accepted. In my chart above, the two â€Å"Target Scores† vary by 1 point, so which should you aim for?Aim for the highest target score on your list. That way, when you reach the highest target score, you have the best chance of admission at all of the universities on your list. If you got a 34 and applied to UC Berkeley and University of Michigan, you would have a great chance of being accepted to both. However, if you aimed for the lower target score and got a 33 and applied to University of Michigan, you would now fall short of the 75th percentile score and be in the middle 50% of admits scores. You still have a decent chance of being accepted, but your chances are not quite as good. Step #4: Create a Plan to Achieve Your Target ACT Score. To achieve your target score, you need to have a clearplan of attack. If you need significant improvement to meet your target score, you should think about taking an ACT prep class, hiring an ACT tutor, or using an online ACT program such as PrepScholar. Our program figures out your strengths and weaknesses and personalizes your ACT preparation to your needs. For more information about our program, read How to Ensure Online Tutoring from PrepScholarTutors is Right for You? If your family can’t afford one of those options and/or you want to prepare on your own, check out our ACT study plan guides: 5 Step SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Summer before Senior Year SAT/ACT Test Dates Study Plan for Sophomores and Juniors SAT / ACT Study Guide: Schedule and Plan for One Year or More Don't forget that your target score is in reach if you put in the time and effort. What’s Next? Learn more about preparing for the ACT: How Many Questions Can You Skip for a Good ACT Score? Systems of Equations on ACT Math: Algebra Strategies and Practice Problems The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT English: Tips, Rules, Practice, and Strategies The Ultimate Study Guide for ACT Science: Tips, Practice, and Strategies Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Proposed Expansion to Develop Educational Materials for Psychologists Essay

Proposed Expansion to Develop Educational Materials for Psychologists - Essay Example In the following presentation, the highlights of the research findings are presented for your consideration. Abnormal behavior is defined as "a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response" (Christodulu 2002, screen 1). Further according to the Department of Health and Human Services there are 88,491 clinical psychologists in the United States. With this broad base of potential customers development of this line of educational aids has the potential for wide spread appeal and will increase sales revenue. (2006) Stemming from the fact that there are multiple models of abnormal behavior: Medical and Psychological; ("Psychological disorders" undated, p. 2) our opportunity to develop multiple product groups is promising. The medical model attributes abnormal behavior to medical conditions and, therefore, a medical approach is used to treat the symptoms. However, the psychological models have various perspectives in regard to treatment: mental functioning, experiences and learning are causes of the behaviors manifested. These include the behavior model which focuses on environmental issues while cognitive models stress the reasons behind behaviors. Lastly, the sociocultural model explores the cultural and social issues that impact behavior.

Critically Analyse the Effectiveness of the Strategies Utilised in the Essay

Critically Analyse the Effectiveness of the Strategies Utilised in the US and UK to tackle the Purported Rise in Knife or Gun Crime - Essay Example Many have warned that storing of firearms in homes would increase the cause of violent deaths (Some facts about guns. 2007). Even though many laws were framed by the authorities in US to curtail the carrying and possession of fire arms, it did not decrease the death rate due to firearms. In 2008 the US Supreme Court made a historic decision that ratified the decision by the district to curtail the rights of citizens to carry firearms in the city. The supreme court opinioned that action by the district is a clear violation of denying individual rights and freedom for carrying firearms. Persons who advocated against ban of carrying firearms put forward statistics related to crime and deaths in the US. In 1993, there were over one million firearm related crimes in the country. In 2005, it declined to 500000 incidents. They also pointed that firearms are not the only reason for violent deaths in the US. However records of the FBI clearly suggest that many crimes including homicides are related to firearms (Tartar.A 2008). In UK increase in suicides was due to use of firearms at home. To prevent crimes related to possession of firearms, UK passed two firearms amendment acts of 1997. Due to the passing of the act, there was a decrease of possession of handguns in Britain. Many handguns were handed over to the police by the individuals (Some facts about guns. 2007). It is estimated that American citizens uses firearms for at least 764000 times in a year to defend themselves. In 1976, Washington DC enacted a virtual ban on handguns. During 1976 and 1991, Washington DC’s homicide rates grew 200 % and the US rate grew by only 12%.The US government has passed the right to carry laws which requires the law enforcement agencies to issue permits to handguns to all applicants who are qualified. Licenses are issued considering age, clean criminal record, completion of firearms safety course etc. In 1986, nine states in the US had right to carry laws. In

Disadvantages Of The Open Cycle Configuration Environmental Sciences Essay

Disadvantages Of The Open Cycle Configuration Environmental Sciences Essay The main problems of todays society are; the ever increasing demand in energy, a possible resource shortage and environmental pollution. Therefore a lot of money is spent in research to find alternative ways of producing energy using Earths natural resources like wind, sun and the ocean. This report is a study on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) which might be the answer to the energy and environmental problem our world has to face. A basic description and an introduction to the types and principles of operation of closed cycle, open cycle and hybrids of OTEC technology is given in this report. Emphasis is shown on the hybrid cycle which has advantages compared to other single purpose plants for fresh water production or power generation. The process of desalination of sea water can prove vital for countries which have water shortage. This report is focused on the technology that would be suited for a hybrid cycle OTEC plant situated in Cyprus. Contents Table of Figures 1. Aims and Objectives The aim of this project is to investigate the characteristics of a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of desalinated water and electric power. An attempt will be made to state the conditions and criteria for adjusting the ratio of desalinated water to power production and also how this ratio is affected by a variation in seawater temperature and pressure. In addition, different design considerations of the hybrid cycle particularly suitable for an OTEC plant operating in Cyprus will be discussed. 2. Introduction The ocean surface absorbs more heat from the sun in one square mile than could be produced by burning 7000 barrels of oil (Avery Wu, 1994). Therefore the solar energy absorbed per day by the surface waters can be used to provide a green, zero-emission production of electricity. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or OTEC is the technology that meets the technical requirements and is economically viable for harvesting the solar energy absorbed by the ocean. OTEC plants make use of the thermal gradient that exists between the surface of the ocean and the deep cold waters to initiate a power producing cycle. The warm tropical surface waters (at a temperature of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 22 °C) and the deep ocean waters (at a depth of 1000m a temperature of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 4 °C) are used as a source of thermal energy to vaporize and condense the working fluid of a turbine-generator system. The thermodynamic cycle for this heat engine is the called the Rankine cycle. OTEC systems maybe either clos ed cycle, open cycle or a combination of the two also known as hybrid systems. In the closed cycle, seawater is used to vaporize and condense a working fluid, such as ammonia, which drives a turbine-generator in a closed loop, producing electricity. In the open cycle, surface water is flash-evaporated in a vacuum chamber. The resulting low-pressure steam is used to drive a turbine-generator. Cold seawater is used to condense the steam after it has passed through the turbine. The open cycle can, therefore, be configured to produce fresh water as well as electricity. The hybrid cycle consists of both the closed cycle system and the open cycle system. The system is interconnected and arranged in such a manner that the former cycle provides electricity and the latter yields desalinated water. Such a system has promising potential in countries which have issues with lack of water. 3. Literature Review 3.1 Closed Cycle OTEC System 3.1.1 Principle of Operation The closed cycle was first proposed in 1881, by DArsonval in France, and was demonstrated in 1979, when a small plant mounted on a barge off Hawaii (Mini-OTEC) produced 50 kW of gross power, for several months, with a net output of 18 kW (Vega, 1992). The principle of operation of the closed OTEC system is demonstrated in figure 1 below. Figure : Principle of operation of a closed cycle OTEC system (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) In the closed cycle, the OTEC system utilizes the warm surface seawater to vaporize a working fluid, such as ammonia, which flows through a heat exchanger (evaporator). The vapor expands at modest pressures and drives a turbine which is coupled to a generator that produces electricity. The vapor then passes through another heat exchanger (condenser) where it is condensed back into a liquid using cold seawater from pumped from the oceans depths through a cold water pipe. A pressurizer or feed pump is used to pump the condensed working fluid back to the evaporator to complete the cycle, producing continuous power generation as long as the warm water and cold water continue to flow. The closed OTEC cycle is basically the same as the conventional Rankine cycle employed in steam engines, in which the steam is condensed and returned to the boiler after driving a piston or steam turbine, OTEC differs by using a different working fluid and lower pressures and temperatures (Avery Wu, 1994). The four processes of the ideal Rankine cycle are listed below: 1. Isentropic expansion (Turbine) 2. Isobaric heat rejection (Condenser) 3. Isentropic compression (Pump) 4. Isobaric heat addition (Evaporator) 3.2 Open Cycle OTEC System 3.2.1 Principle of Operation The open cycle concept was first proposed in the 1920s and demonstrated in 1930, off Cuba by its inventor, a Frenchman by the name of Georges Claude (Vega, 1992). In the open cycle, the warm seawater is the working fluid. The warm seawater is pumped into a vacuum chamber where it is flash- evaporated to produce steam at an absolute pressure of about 2.4kPa. The steam passes through a low pressure turbine which in turn drives a generator to produce electricity. The steam exiting the turbine flows is condensed by cold seawater pumped from the oceans depths through a cold-water pipe. In this open cycle configuration a surface condenser can be used and therefore the condensed steam remains separated from the cold seawater and provides a supply of desalinated water. Figure 2 below shows the principle of operation of the open cycle OTEC system. Figure : Principle of operation of an open cycle OTEC system (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) 3.2.2 Disadvantages of the Open Cycle Configuration This type of configuration produces less power than the closed cycle alternative but it is attractive in places where water shortage is an issue. In addition, the very low pressure at which the system operates means that connections must be carefully sealed to prevent atmospheric air from entering the system, which could bring the operation to a halt. Another disadvantage compared to the closed cycle system is that the specific volume of the low-pressure steam is very large compared to the pressurized working fluid used in the closed cycle system. Therefore the components must have large flow areas to ensure that steam flow does not reach a high enough velocity which could damage the turbine. Also, a large turbine is required to accommodate the very high volumetric flow rates of the low-pressure steam in order to generate a sufficient amount of electrical power. 3.3 Hybrid Cycle OTEC System 3.3.1 Principle of Operation A hybrid cycle combines the features of both the closed-cycle and open-cycle systems. In a hybrid OTEC system, warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber where it is flash-evaporated into steam, which is similar to the open-cycle evaporation process. The steam vaporizes the working fluid of a closed-cycle loop on the other side of an ammonia vaporizer. The vaporized fluid then drives a turbine that produces electricity. The steam condenses within the heat exchanger and provides desalinated water. Figure 3 is an illustration of the hybrid cycle OTEC system. Figure : Principle of operation of a hybrid cycle OTEC system (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) The electricity produced by the system can be delivered to a utility grid or used to manufacture methanol, hydrogen, refined metals, ammonia, and similar products. 3.4 OTEC Components The main components of an OTEC system are described below- namely, heat exchangers, evaporators, turbines and condensers. 3.4.1 Heat Exchangers for Closed Cycle OTEC Systems The design of heat exchangers to meet industrial requirements for efficiency, durability, ease of manufacture, packaging, system integration reliability and cost has led to an extensive technology devoted just to this subject. The special requirements of OTEC can be met by heat exchangers with different operating characteristics than conventional designs. Also, research has been done to increase the overall heat transfer coefficients in ways that will reduce the heat exchanger costs per kilowatt of net power generated. This has led to the investigation of various potential types of heat exchangers with features designed to be optimal for OTEC applications. Some of these are briefly described below. Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: This is the most widely used type of heat exchanger for industrial evaporator and condenser applications. As the name implies, this type consists of a shell and a bundle of tubes inside it. Specifically for OTEC applications, water flows through the tubes and the working fluid flows across the tube bank in the middle section. In conventional ones, seawater flows through the tubes, and the working fluid evaporates or condenses in a shell around them. This design can be enhanced by using fluted tubes: the working fluid flows into the grooves and over the crests, producing a thin film that evaporates more effectively. Plate Heat Exchangers: Another type of heat exchanger that would offer advantages in performance and cost is the plate heat exchanger. The plate type heat exchanger is more compact than the shell and tube configuration. In this type, the seawater and the working fluid flow in alternate channels separated by parallel plates. Suitable manifolds are used to guide the fluid into the proper channels. With this type of heat exchanger the gains in heat transfer coefficient can be up to 100-200%, compared with the conventional shell and tube designs. The material which heat exchangers are made of is very important in terms of cost and performance. Titanium was the original material chosen for closed-cycle heat exchangers because it resists corrosion. However, it is an expensive option for plants that use large heat exchangers. Therefore other cheaper materials such as corrosion-resistant copper-nickel alloys can be used to protect platform and cold-water pipes, but are not compatible with ammonia, the most common working fluid. A suitable alternative is aluminium which performs well under marine conditions and results indicate that selected aluminium alloys may last 20 years in seawater (Thomas Hills, 1989). Marine organisms and slime can quickly grow on surfaces exposed to warm seawater- a buildup known as biofouling- and this reduces the heat transfer efficiency. Laboratory experiments indicate that the addition of chlorine in the pipes can prevent biofouling (Panchal, Larsen-Basse, Little, 1984). 3.4.2 Evaporators for Open Cycle OTEC Systems Open-cycle flash-evaporators include those with open-channel flow, falling films, and falling jets. These conventional evaporators typically perform to within 70% to 80% of the maximum thermodynamic performance at acceptable hydraulic losses. The technological development led to a vertical-spout evaporator that can perform to within 90% of the thermodynamic limit (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). In this evaporator, water is drawn upward through a vertical pipe (a spout) and violently sprayed outward by escaping steam (Bharathan Penney, 1984). To enhance performance, the spray may fall on screens that further break up the droplets and increase the evaporation rate. To avoid pressure loss, the evaporator has simple intake and exit systems that separate the steam from the discharge. Steam continues through the system, and the remaining seawater is discharged from the bottom of the evaporator. Violent flashing in a spout evaporator causes seawater droplets to be entrained by the steam. If they are not removed, these droplets can cause erosion and stress-corrosion cracking in turbine blades and contaminate the desalinated water discharge as well. Passing the steam through the commercially available mist eliminators used in the process industry removes a sufficient quantity of these seawater droplets (Bharathan Penney, 1984). 3.4.3 Turbines In the open cycle process, after the droplets are removed, steam flows through large, low-pressure turbines, entering at a pressure of about 2.4 kPa. These turbines must be able to handle the large steam flows necessary to produce a significant amount of electric power. Multistage turbines used in nuclear or coal-fired power plants are already available. The low-pressure stages of these turbines typically operate at conditions close to those needed in an open-cycle OTEC plant. In close cycle OTEC systems the turbine needs not be so large because it works with vapor at elevated pressures. 3.4.4 Condensers for Open Cycle OTEC Systems Once the steam passes through the turbines, it can be condensed in direct-contact condensers or surface condensers. A surface condenser consists of an intermediate solid wall, which is absent in direct-contact condensers and therefore the latter provides more effective condensation (Bharathan, Parsons, Althof 1988). In one design-a two-stage condenser (see figure 4 below) developed at Solar Energy Research Institute-cold seawater is distributed through two open-ended vessels filled with a commercially available structured packing material. About 80% of the steam is condensed as it flows through the first vessel in the same direction as the cold seawater. The remaining steam is routed into the bottom of the second vessel and flows through it in the opposite direction to the seawater. At the top of the second vessel, a vacuum system pumps out the non-condensable (inert) gases along with any uncondensed steam (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). Figure : Illustration of a two stage condenser (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Surface condensers keep the cooling seawater separate from the spent steam during condensation. By using indirect contact, the condensers produce desalinated water that is relatively free of seawater impurities. The surface condensers considered for use in OTEC systems are similar to those used in conventional power plants; however, these surface condensers must operate under lower pressures and with higher amounts of non-condensable gases in the steam. These non-condensable gases which are present in the open cycle system are released from the seawater when it is exposed to low pressures under vacuum and are namely oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Air can also enter the open cycle vacuum chamber through leaks therefore decent construction techniques can reduce the rate of air leakage to very low levels. These gases, if are not removed from the vacuum vessel, they can build up enough pressure to stop evaporation. An exhaust compressor is usually used to remove these non-condensab le gases. The compressor however requires about 10% of the total power generated by the system (Parsons, Bharathan, Althof, 1985). 4. Methodology In this section, pending work and project plan summary will be described. For the final project, the literature review might be expanded a bit more to include the various types of working fluids that can be used. Furthermore, a section explaining the thermodynamics behind the operation of the OTEC cycle (Carnot efficiency and Rankine cycle) will be added, followed by a more realistic calculation on the OTEC actual thermal efficiency, net power output and production of desalinated water. Once these calculations are carried out, a reasonably concise section on the application of solar heating on OTEC will be written. Then an investigation on the effect of increasing water inlet temperature on power generation and fresh water production will be carried out. In addition, the effect of an increase in pressure on power generation and fresh water production will also be included. Computational software such as Wolframalpha or Matlab will help in determining the relationship between variable temperatures and pressures on power generation and desalinated water production. If time allows it, simulation software such as Simul8 will be used to find the optimum conditions for the hybrid cycle OTEC plant. A section of discussion and analysis of results will follow explaining the obtained results, including suggestions for improving the design. Finally, a segment explaining by what means the proposed hybrid cycle OTEC plant is suitable for operation in Cyprus. This segment will include the economic factors involved (need for finance, government subsidies etc.), drawbacks and benefits such a plant will have on the island. 5. Gantt Chart The Gantt Chart below represents the plan for completion of the project including important deadline dates for presentations and submission of the report. Figure : Figure showing the Gantt Chart 6. Conclusion Water and energy are essential for human life. A steady supply of energy and water is indispensable for improving the living standard and economic stability of any country, especially countries which face water shortage problems like Cyprus. The goal of this report is to demonstrate the characteristics of a dual purpose OTEC plant and through various design considerations find the optimum conditions for such a plant to be as productive and as efficient as possible and at the same time be economically viable to attract investors.